Double encephalocele with an excellent outcome postoperatively: A case report from Iraq.

Background: An encephalocele is a congenital neural tube defect that is estimated to have an incidence of 1-2 cases per 10,000 live births. There have been a few cases of double encephaloceles reported in the medical literature. We report an extremely rare case of double encephalocele with an atrial septal defect in Iraq. Case presentation: A 2-month-old female infant presented with two swellings at the back of her head since birth. Her mother received poor prenatal care. The examination revealed a microcephaly head and two sacs in the occipital region, which were not connected and were covered completely by skin. The surgery includes a transverse incision, excision of both sacs with necrotic tissue, a duroplasty, and a water-tight dural closure. The operation proceeded without any neurological sequelae or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Conclusion: Double encephalocele is a congenital neural tube defect that is rarely discussed or reported in the medical literature. The management of this condition might be difficult because it requires a special approach for each patient. This case report from Iraq is used to raise awareness about this particular disorder and to motivate clinicians about the importance of early and appropriate management for such cases.