ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Platforms, advances, and technical challenges in virus-like particles-based vaccines.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review on vaccine developmental approaches: Evaluating efficacy, and addressing challenges of infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 era.Virus research · 2026Pooled it
- Self-adjuvanting Ebola virus-like particles that incorporate a cellular interferon-inducing domain.Research square · 2026Article
- Terminal V5 Tagging of All Four Newcastle Disease Virus Structural Proteins Is Compatible with Particle Formation in Sf9 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Co-delivery of lentiviral vectors and Cas9-containing virus-like particles enables rapid, scalable manufacture of gene-edited CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Size-Dependent Neutralization Efficacy of Nanodecoys Against SARS-CoV-2 Mimics in Mammalian Cell Infection Models.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Vaccine-Field Strain Gap in Bovine Neonatal Diarrhea: Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, and EnterotoxigenicVaccines · 2026Review
- Development and characterization of LipoCatch: a bacterial lipoprotein-based biomaterial that self-assembles into nanostructures.Nanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Smart nanoparticle vaccines integrate nanotechnology artificial intelligence and immunoengineering for precision immunization.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Protein-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy: A Comparative and Translational Perspective.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Comparative immunogenic and structural analysis of virus-like particle and inactivated whole-virion vaccines against enterovirus D68.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Engineering a Novel Bacterial Encapsulin for Programmable Surface Functionalization: From Single-Target to Mosaic Nanovaccines.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Application and Research Progress of Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles in Vaccine Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Virus-like particle vaccine targeting meningeal lymphatic vessels via intradural delivery activates anti-glioma immunity.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Recent Advances, Bottlenecks, and Future Directions inVaccines · 2026Review
- TheJornal brasileiro de doencas sexualmente transmissiveis : DST · 2026Article
- Article
- Virus Biomimetic-Delivery Systems for the Production of Vaccines.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle approaches for hepatitis therapy and clinical translation.Discover nano · 2026Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases threaten human health and global stability. Several vaccine platforms, such as DNA, mRNA, recombinant viral vectors, and virus-like particle-based vaccines have been developed to counter these viral infectious diseases. Virus-like particles (VLP) are considered real, present, licensed and successful vaccines against prevalent and emergent diseases due to their non-infectious nature, structural similarity with viruses, and high immunogenicity. However, only a few VLP-based vaccines have been commercialized, and the others are either in the clinical or preclinical phases. Notably, despite success in the preclinical phase, many vaccines are still struggling with small-scale fundamental research owing to technical difficulties. Successful production of VLP-based vaccines on a commercial scale requires a suitable platform and culture mode for large-scale production, optimization of transduction-related parameters, upstream and downstream processing, and monitoring of product quality at each step. In this review article, we focus on the advantages and disadvantages of various VLP-producing platforms, recent advances and technical challenges in VLP production, and the current status of VLP-based vaccine candidates at commercial, preclinical, and clinical levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.