ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Early immune system alterations in patients with septic shock.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of humoral immunity proteins and mortality in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Determinants of fatal outcome in septic shock patients with euthyroid sick syndrome.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Sleep deprivation impairs follicular development attributable to granulosa cell pyroptosis mediated by S100A8/A9-driven macrophage M1 polarization.Science advances · 2026Article
- Comparative predictive value of nine inflammation-derived haematological indices for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of meropenem plus ulinastatin on inflammatory response and complications in patients with severe septic shock.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in vascular injury of critically ill patients: implications of gut microbiota regulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The Dual Role of Natural Killer Cells in the Septic Liver.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Immunological dynamics of memory T cells in gram-negative septic shock patients: a prospective clinical study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Role of cytokine levels in pathogen classification and prognosis of pediatric septic shock.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A machine learning-based online prediction model for recurrence risk in patients withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Capillary leak syndrome in sepsis: the role of intrinsic coagulation pathway activation.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of recombinant bovine β-defensins for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory functions in sepsis management.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- New developments in the role of ferroptosis in sepsis‑induced cardiomyopathy (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Multi-omic analysis of PBMCs in sepsis reveals widespread cytotoxic dysfunction and an increased population ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD121b-positive neutrophils predict immunosuppression in septic shock.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Roles of cytokine storm in sepsis progression: biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Changes in urinary renal injury markers in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and a prediction model for related early renal injury.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Neutrophil Depletion Changes the N-Glycosylation Pattern of IgG in Experimental Murine Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- High-dimensional multi-pass flow cytometry via spectrally encoded cellular barcoding.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the early changes in the immune systems of patients with septic shock. A total of 243 patients with septic shock were included in this study. The patients were classified as survivors (n = 101) or nonsurvivors (n = 142). Clinical laboratories perform tests of the immune system's function. Each indicator was studied alongside healthy controls (n = 20) of the same age and gender as the patients. A comparative analysis of every two groups was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify mortality risk factors that are independent of one another. In septic shock patients, neutrophil counts, infection biomarkers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin levels), and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) increased significantly. Lymphocyte and their subset counts (T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, and natural killer cell counts), lymphocyte subset functions (the proportions of PMA/ionomycin-stimulated IFN-γ positive cells in CD4+ T cells), immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, and IgM), and complement protein levels (C3 and C4) decreased significantly. Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had higher levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) but lower levels of IgM, complement C3 and C4, and lymphocyte, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell counts. Low IgM or C3 concentrations and low lymphocyte or CD4+ T cell counts were independent risk factors for mortality. These alterations should be considered in the future development of immunotherapies aimed at treating septic shock.
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