ArticleiScience2023
Evolution of increased positive charge on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may be adaptation to human transmission.
Article in iScience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fibrinogen as a Molecular Bridge Linking SARS-CoV‑2 Immune Evasion and Endothelial Access?ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Switching Spike Plasticity Shapes ACE2 Engagement Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Effects of pH on Orientations of Adsorbed Lysozyme on Negatively Charged Surfaces.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026Article
- Charge-driven antiviral responses enhance autoreactivity in severe COVID-19.Research square · 2026Article
- Microplastics and Nanoplastics as Carriers for Viral Transmission: Effects on Viral Properties, Infection, Immune Response, and Public Health.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Article
- Analysis of the Relationship Between the Charge Increment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Evolution.Viruses · 2025Article
- Unique Features and Collateral Immune Effects of mRNA-LNP COVID-19 Vaccines: Plausible Mechanisms of Adverse Events and Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Styrene Maleic-Acid Copolymer Lipid Particle Nanodiscs for pH-Responsive Irreversible Virus Inactivation.Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- SnOACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Increased preference for lysine over arginine in spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant and its daughter lineages.PloS one · 2025Article
- Sulfated Cellulose Nanofiber Hydrogel with Mucus-Like Activities for Virus Inhibition.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Core and accessory genomic traits of Vibrio cholerae O1 drive lineage transmission and disease severity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Many Roles of Carbohydrates: A Computational Spotlight on the Coronavirus S Protein Binding.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of SARS-CoV-2.Small science · 2024Article
- Changes in total charge on spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in emerging lineages.Bioinformatics advances · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 evolved variants optimize binding to cellular glycocalyx.Cell reports. Physical science · 2023Article
- Evolutionary changes in the number of dissociable amino acids on spike proteins and nucleoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants.Virus evolution · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and infect individuals. The exterior surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virion is dominated by the spike protein, and the current work examined spike protein biochemical features that have changed during the 3 years in which SARS-CoV-2 has infected humans. Our analysis identified a striking change in spike protein charge, from -8.3 in the original Lineage A and B viruses to -1.26 in most of the current Omicron viruses. We conclude that in addition to immune selection pressure, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has also altered viral spike protein biochemical properties, which may influence virion survival and promote transmission. Future vaccine and therapeutic development should also exploit and target these biochemical properties.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.