Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36844168›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence reports2022

Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training and impact on mental illness and substance use-related stigma among law enforcement.

Gilbert A Nick, Sharifa Williams, Helen-Maria Lekas, Kerstin Pahl, Chloe Blau, Don Kamin, Crystal Fuller-Lewis

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07697326 (Evaluating Mental Health Crisis Training Outcomes Among Police, Firefighters, and Public Health Staff), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07697326 completednot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Evaluating Mental Health Crisis Training Outcomes Among Police, Firefighters, and Public Health Staff

TypeobservationalSponsorFar Eastern Memorial HospitalRan2026 to 2026Enrolled714ConditionsMental Health CrisisArmsMental Health Crisis Response Training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Fatal Shooting of an Autistic Adolescent: What Should We Do?Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Gilbert A NickNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Division of Social Solutions & Services Research, Orangeburg, NY.
Sharifa WilliamsNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Division of Social Solutions & Services Research, Orangeburg, NY.
Helen-Maria LekasNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Division of Social Solutions & Services Research, Orangeburg, NY.
Kerstin PahlNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Division of Social Solutions & Services Research, Orangeburg, NY.
Chloe BlauNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Division of Social Solutions & Services Research, Orangeburg, NY.
Don KaminInstitute for Police, Mental Health & Community Collaboration at Coordinated Care Services, Inc., Rochester, NY.
Crystal Fuller-LewisNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Division of Social Solutions & Services Research, Orangeburg, NY.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Limited empirical data and research exists about stigmatizing attitudes and perceptions held by law enforcement officers towards persons with mental illness and substance use issues. Pre- and post-training survey data from 92 law enforcement personnel who attended a 40-hour Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training was used to investigate training-related changes in mental illness stigma and substance use stigma. Training participant's mean age was 38.35 ± 9.50 years, majority white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity (84.2%), male gender (65.2%), and reported job category as road patrol (86.9%). Pre-training, 76.1% endorsed at least one stigmatizing attitude towards people with mental illness, and 83.7% held a stigmatizing attitude towards those with substance use problems. Poisson regression revealed that working road patrol (RR=0.49,

Indexed as

CITCrisis intervention teamlaw enforcementMental illnessStigmaSubstance use

Identifiers

PMID36844168
PMCPMC9949319

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.