ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence reports2022
Prescription stimulant use during long-term opioid therapy and risk for opioid use disorder.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of opioids and stimulants on the respiratory system.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Interpreting trends of opioid and stimulant co-prescribing in the United States: the need for attention to evidence-based prescribing practice in the context of co-occurring mental and or substance use disorders.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Opioid and stimulant co-prescribing does not equate to a co-epidemic.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Collaborative pharmacy research across integrated health systems: A purpose and promise for opportunities to study the complete medication-use process.American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Concurrent therapeutic prescribing of prescription stimulants with opioid analgesics is increasing in the United States. Stimulant medication use is associated with increased risk for long-term opioid therapy (LTOT), and LTOT is associated with increased risk for opioid use disorder (OUD). Aims: To determine if stimulant prescriptions among those with LTOT (≥90 days) are associated with greater risk for opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study from 2010 to 2018 used a United States, nationally distributed Optum© analytics Integrated Claims-Clinical dataset. Patients ≥18 years of age, and free of prevalent OUD in the two years prior to index were eligible. All patients had a new ≥90-day opioid prescription. The index date was day 91. We compared risk for new OUD diagnoses in patients with and without a prescription stimulant overlapping LTOT. Entropy balancing and weighting controlled for confounding factors. Results: Patients ( Conclusions: Dual stimulant use among patients with LTOT does not increase risk for OUD. Stimulants prescribed for ADHD and other conditions may not worsen opioid outcomes for some patients with LTOT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.