ArticleThe Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association2024
An Ultrasound Investigation of Tongue Dorsum Raising in Children with Cleft Palate +/- Cleft Lip.
Article in The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Assessing vocal fold movement in healthy young children and infants using laryngeal ultrasound by speech and language therapists: a feasibility study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- A Lingual Ultrasound Study of Speech in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate Following Orthognathic Surgery.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2025Article
- Ultrasound Tongue Imaging in Research and Practice with People with Cleft Palate ± Cleft Lip.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to determine whether increased raising of the back of the tongue is evident in children with repaired cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP+/-CL). We hypothesized that children with CP+/-CL would show increased raising of the tongue dorsum, a compensatory pattern.
methodSecondary data analysis of mid-sagittal ultrasound tongue imaging data from 31 children with CP+/-CL and 29 typically developing children were used. We annotated the consonants /ʃ, t, s, k/ at the point of maximum constriction in an /aCa/ environment. Children with CP+/-CL said the tokens 10 times, typically developing children said them once. We automatically fitted splines to the tongue contour and extracted the Dorsum Excursion Index (DEI) for each consonant. This metric measures the relative use of the tongue dorsum, with more posterior consonants having higher values. We compared DEI values across groups and consonants using a linear mixed effects model. DEI was predicted by the interaction of consonant (baseline: /ʃ/) and speaker type (baseline: TD), including by-speaker random slopes for consonant and random intercepts for speaker.
resultsOverall DEI was not higher in children with CP+/-CL compared to typically developing children. Between groups the only significant difference was the position of /k/ relative to /ʃ/, where the difference between these two consonants was smaller in the children with CP+/-CL.
conclusionsThere was no support for the hypothesis that increased raising of the tongue dorsum is a common characteristic in children with repaired CP+/-CL. However, individual children may present with this pattern.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.