ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2023
Financial incentives for quitting smoking in pregnancy: Are they cost-effective?
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Financial incentives for smoking cessation among (expectant) parents: a systematic review of facilitators and barriers to implementation.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Incentives for pregnant mothers during antenatal care for better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low and middle income countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.F1000Research · 2024Pooled it
- Contingency management interventions for abstinence from cigarette smoking in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Financial incentives for maintaining postpartum smoking abstinence: 3-4-year follow-up of the Financial Incentives for Prevention of Postpartum Return to Smoking (FIPPS) randomised controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Effect of financial voucher incentives provided with UK stop smoking services on the cessation of smoking in pregnant women (CPIT III): pragmatic, multicentre, single blinded, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- The use of financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnant women: A parallel-group randomised controlled trial protocol.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Impact of E-Cigarettes on Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development: The Influence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A scoping review of costing methodologies used to assess interventions for underserved pregnant people and new parents.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Financial incentives for quitting smoking in pregnancy: Are they cost-effective?Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo evaluate whether adding financial incentives to usual care is cost-effective in encouraging pregnant women to quit tobacco smoking, compared with usual care alone.
designCost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA) from a health-care provider's perspective, embedded in the Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial (CPIT III). Long-term analyses were conducted from the same perspective, using an existing Markov model over a life-time horizon.
settingSeven maternity smoking cessation sites in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom.
participantsIn the short-term analysis, CPIT III participants were assessed: women 16 years or older, self-reporting as smokers, fewer than 24 weeks pregnant and English-speaking (n = 944). The same population was used for the life-time analysis, plus their infants. MEASUREMENTS: Costs included financial incentive vouchers and postage, cessation support and nicotine replacement therapy and neonatal stays. The outcome measure was a biochemically verified quit rate for the CEA and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for CUA. Costs are presented in 2020 GBP sterling (£). Data for the life-time analysis came from the trial and were combined with data from published literature embedded in the model, reporting incremental cost per quitter and QALY. A 3.5% discount rate was applied.
findingsThe short-term incremental cost per quitter was £4400 and cost per QALY was £150 000. Results of sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. The long-term analysis combined costs and outcomes for mother and infants; results showed a cost saving of £37 [95% confidence interval (CI]) = £35-106] and increase in QALYs of 0.171 (95% CI = 0.124-0.229). These findings indicate that, over a life-time, financial incentives are cost-saving and improve health outcomes.
conclusionsIn the United Kingdom, offering up to £400 financial incentives, in addition to usual care, to support pregnant women to stop smoking appears to be highly cost-effective over a life-time for mother and infants.
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