ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2023
Inequities in Mental Health Care Facing Racialized Immigrant Older Adults With Mental Disorders Despite Universal Coverage: A Population-Based Study in Canada.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Racial and gender disparities in reasons for seeking mental healthcare in Canada.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Pathways to inclusion: A scoping review exploring equity, diversity, and inclusion in mental health and addictions patient navigation programs.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review on the Impact of the Environment on Racialized Immigrant Older Adults' Social Connectedness and Sense of Belonging.Journal of aging research · 2026Review
- Kinlessness and end-of-life care quality: does race and ethnicity matter?The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Using a Community-Based Participatory Research Approach to Study the Mental Health of Older Adults with a Refugee Life Experience.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Immigrant and Racialized Populations' Cumulative Exposure to Discrimination and Associations with Long-Term Conditions During COVID-19: A Nationwide Large-Scale Study in Canada.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The association of combinations of social factors and SARs-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, 2020-2021.Dialogues in health · 2024Article
- Migration and mental health problems of older adults: Challenges and proposed solutions.Industrial psychiatry journal · 2024Article
- Healthy Immigrant Effect or Under-Detection? Examining Undiagnosed and Unrecognized Late-Life Depression for Racialized Immigrants and Nonimmigrants in Canada.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
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Abstract
objectivesContemporary immigration scholarship has typically treated immigrants with diverse racial backgrounds as a monolithic population. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding how racial and nativity inequities in mental health care intersect and unfold in midlife and old age. This study aims to examine the joint impact of race, migration, and old age in shaping mental health treatment.
methodsPooled data were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2015-2018) and restricted to respondents (aged ≥45 years) with mood or anxiety disorders (n = 9,099). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate associations between race-migration nexus and past-year mental health consultations (MHC). Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was applied to identify intersecting determinants of MHC.
resultsCompared to Canadian-born Whites, racialized immigrants had greater mental health needs: poor/fair self-rated mental health (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23, 99% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-2.99), perceived life stressful (OR = 1.49, 99% CI: 1.14-1.95), psychiatric comorbidity (OR = 1.42, 99% CI: 1.06-1.89), and unmet needs for care (OR = 2.02, 99% CI: 1.36-3.02); in sharp contrast, they were less likely to access mental health services across most indicators: overall past-year MHC (OR = 0.54, 99% CI: 0.41-0.71) and consultations with family doctors (OR = 0.67, 99% CI: 0.50-0.89), psychologists (OR = 0.54, 99% CI: 0.33-0.87), and social workers (OR = 0.37, 99% CI: 0.21-0.65), with the exception of psychiatrist visits (p = .324). The CART algorithm identifies three groups at risk of MHC service underuse: racialized immigrants aged ≥55 years, immigrants without high school diplomas, and linguistic minorities who were home renters. DISCUSSION: To safeguard health care equity for medically underserved communities in Canada, multisectoral efforts need to guarantee culturally responsive mental health care, multilingual services, and affordable housing for racialized immigrant older adults with mental disorders.
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