ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Intranasal Delivery of a Silymarin Loaded Microemulsion for the Effective Treatment of Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Formulation, Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ex Vivo Characterization and In Vivo Nasal Delivery of Ropinirole-Loaded PEO-b-PCL/Tween 80/β-Cyclodextrin Systems in C57BL/6J Mice.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Breaking Barriers: Intranasal Microemulsions for the Efficient Nose-to-brain Delivery of Glycyrrhetinic Acid.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Silymarin and Silybin: Rejuvenating Traditional Remedies with Modern Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Nanoemulsions and Microemulsions for Intranasal Drug Delivery: A Bibliometric Analysis and Emerging Trends (2004-2024).Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Application of quality by design in optimization of nanoformulations: Principle, perspectives and practices.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Medicine-food homology bioactives in Parkinson's disease: multi-target oxidative-stress modulation and translation to dietary supplements.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Fabricating Polymer/Surfactant/Cyclodextrin Hybrid Particles for Possible Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Mefenamic Acid Loaded and TPGS Stabilized Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsion for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Development, Optimization, and Brain-Targeted Delivery via Olfactory Pathway.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Chitosan Biomaterials: Advances and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A mucoadhesive microemulsion of lipophilic silymarin (SLMMME) was developed to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Optimization of the SLM microemulsion (ME) was performed using Central Composite Design (CCD). The composition of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and water was varied, as per the design, to optimize their ratio and achieve desirable droplet size, zeta potential, and drug loading. The droplet size, zeta potential, and drug loading of optimized SLMME were 61.26 ± 3.65 nm, -24.26 ± 0.2 mV, and 97.28 ± 4.87%, respectively. With the addition of chitosan, the droplet size and zeta potential of the developed ME were both improved considerably. In vitro cell toxicity investigations on a neuroblastoma cell line confirmed that SLMMME was non-toxic and harmless. In comparison to ME and drug solution, mucoadhesive ME had the most flow through sheep nasal mucosa. Further, the in vitro release showed significantly higher drug release, and diffusion of the SLM loaded in MEs than that of the silymarin solution (SLMS). The assessment of behavioral and biochemical parameters, as well as inflammatory markers, showed significant (
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