ArticlePharmaceutics2023
New Insights into the Behavior of NHC-Gold Complexes in Cancer Cells.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Au(III) Complexes as Pyroptosis Inducers by Targeting Mitochondrial DNA for Tumor Immunity.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Novel Silver(I) and Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Induce ROS-Dependent Autophagic Cell Death in Human Hepatoma Cell Line HepG2.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Article
- Dynamic Evolution of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Malignant Tumors and Emerging Therapeutic Paradigms.MedComm · 2025Review
- Global research status and frontiers on autophagy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): a comprehensive bibliometric and visualized analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes of triazolyl-functionalised NHCs.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Searching for New Gold(I)-Based Complexes as Anticancer and/or Antiviral Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metal-based molecules in the treatment of cancer: From bench to bedside.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Harnessing the interaction between redox signaling and senescence to restrain tumor drug resistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Targeting ROS in cancer: rationale and strategies.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Study of metalation of thioredoxin by gold(I) therapeutic compounds using combined liquid chromatography/capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma/electrospray MS/MS detection.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Insight on cytotoxic NHC gold(I) halide complexes evaluated in multifaceted culture systems.Current research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Reaction Behavior of [1,3-Diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Among the non-platinum antitumor agents, gold complexes have received increased attention owing to their strong antiproliferative effects, which generally occur through non-cisplatin-like mechanisms of action. Several studies have revealed that many cytotoxic gold compounds, such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-gold(I) complexes, are potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitors. Many other pathways have been supposed to be altered by gold coordination to protein targets. Within this frame, we have selected two gold(I) complexes based on aromatic ligands to be tested on cancer cells. Differently from bis [1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) bromide (Au4BC), bis [1-methyl-3-acridineimidazolin-2-ylidene]gold(I) tetrafluoroborate (Au3BC) inhibited TrxR1 activity in vitro. Treatment of Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, with Au4BC inhibited cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, caused DNA damage, and induced autophagy and apoptosis. Notably, we found that, although Au3BC inhibited TrxR1 activity, no effect on the cell viabilities of HCC and BC cells was observed. At the molecular level, Au3BC induced a protective response mechanism in Huh7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, by inducing up-regulation of RAD51 and p62 protein expression, two proteins involved in DNA damage repair and autophagy, respectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.