ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Nodding Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics, Risks Factors, Access to Treatment, and Perceptions in the Greater Mundri Area, South Sudan.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nodding Syndrome: Shifting the Focus from Cause to Treatment.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Review
- Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Manifestations in Nodding Syndrome: A Neuropsychological Narrative Review.Revista de neurologia · 2026Review
- The Nodding syndrome cerebrospinal fluid proteome: a lens into neurodevelopmental failure consistent with environmentally triggeredFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Methodological challenges for conducting case-control studies to investigate the association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy including nodding syndrome.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Nodding syndrome, populations at risk need to be aware this is a preventable condition.Brain communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We conducted a house-to-house survey in the Mundri, Western Equatoria state of South Sudan to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, access to treatment and perceptions about nodding syndrome (NS). In total, 224 NS cases with median age of seizure onset of 10 years were identified. Head nodding only was reported in 50 (22.3%) cases, and head nodding plus other types of seizures in 174 (77.7%) cases. Wasting, stunted growth, delayed sexual development and speech and behavioral abnormalities were observed in 17 (23.6%), 16 (22.2%), 9 (17.3%), 14 (19.4%) and 4 (5.6%) cases, respectively. The consumption of rat meat, but not other bushmeat was associated with an increased risk of NS (OR 9.31, 95% CI 1.27-406.51). Children with NS were more likely to have taken ivermectin in the last 5 years (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.33-4.43). NS cases were less likely to share a bedroom with other children (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.16) or adults (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.13-0.56). In conclusion, rat meat consumption is an unlikely risk factor for NS, and ivermectin intake was more common among NS cases than controls. Importantly, we documented that children with NS are stigmatized because of the misconception that NS is transmitted through direct contact.
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Registered trials
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