ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Endogenous Retroviruses as Modulators of Innate Immunity.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human endogenous retroviruses as immune-related prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Integrated meta-analysis of human astrocytes transcriptomes reveals a candidate recurrent inflammatory signature in response to inflammatory and immune stimuli.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Differences in Oropharyngeal Viromes Between Surviving and Deceased Malayan Pangolins in a Rescue Context.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- An ancient alpharetrovirus lineage in bats: Evolutionary insights and possible roles in reproduction.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- RETRACTED: Iftikhar et al. Endogenous Retroviruses as Regulators of Innate Immune Signaling and Inflammation.Viruses · 2026Article
- Differential gene expression of retrotransposons (LTR and non-LTR) in peripheral blood leukocytes of people with gout.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Harnessing archaeogenetic for cancer therapy: bridging ancient DNA insights with modern therapeutic innovations.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- Retroviral Remnants in the Human Genome: Classification, Integration and Regulation.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- RETRACTED: Endogenous Retroviruses as Regulators of Innate Immune Signaling and InflammationViruses · 2026Review
- Article
- Deoxyguanosine kinase deficiency couples purine metabolism to innate immune activation and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Endogenous retroviruses and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Estrogen-Driven Breast Carcinogenesis in a Rat Model is Linked to Retroelement Activation and Inflammation and is Susceptible to Lamivudine Treatment.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- Strict retroelement regulation is frequently lost following cancer transformation and generates a promising reservoir of cancer biomarkers.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- Analysis of human endogenous retrovirus in hepatocellular carcinomas using HERV-Fcount.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Endogenous and exogenous viral reactivation as a driver of epigenetic drift and mitophagy failure in aging.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Activation of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases and endogenous retroviruses is integrated by MUC1-C in NSCLC cells.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Reactivation of retrotransposable elements is associated with environmental stress and ageing.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Combination Therapy Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of ERV-Targeting Vaccines in Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), or LTR retrotransposons, are a class of transposable elements that are highly represented in mammalian genomes. Human ERVs (HERVs) make up roughly 8.3% of the genome and over the course of evolution, HERV elements underwent positive selection and accrued mutations that rendered them non-infectious; thereby, the genome could co-opt them into constructive roles with important biological functions. In the past two decades, with the help of advances in sequencing technology, ERVs are increasingly considered to be important components of the innate immune response. While typically silenced, expression of HERVs can be induced in response to traumatic, toxic, or infection-related stress, leading to a buildup of viral transcripts and under certain circumstances, proteins, including functionally active reverse transcriptase and viral envelopes. The biological activity of HERVs in the context of the innate immune response can be based on the functional effect of four major viral components: (1) HERV LTRs, (2) HERV-derived RNAs, (3) HERV-derived RNA:DNA duplexes and cDNA, and (4) HERV-derived proteins and ribonucleoprotein complexes. In this review, we will discuss the implications of HERVs in all four contexts in relation to innate immunity and their association with various pathological disease states.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.