ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Identification and Structure of Epitopes on Cashew Allergens Ana o 2 and Ana o 3 Using Phage Display.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Allergology: Epitope Discovery and Its Application for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy of Food Allergy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Allergenicity of Alternative Proteins: Reduction Mechanisms and Processing Strategies.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundCashew (
aimWe aimed to identify the key allergenic epitopes of cashew nut proteins by correlating the phage display epitope prediction results with bioinformatics analysis.
designWe predicted and experimentally confirmed cashew nut allergen antigenic peptides, which we named Ana o 2 (cupin superfamily) and Ana o 3 (prolamin superfamily). The Ana o 2 and Ana o 3 epitopes were predicted using DNAstar and PyMoL (incorporated in the Swiss-model package). The predicted weak and strong epitopes were synthesized as peptides. The related phage library was built. The peptides were also tested using phage display technology. The expressed antigens were tested and confirmed using microtiter plates coated with pooled human sera from patients with cashew nut allergies or healthy controls.
resultsThe Ana o 2 epitopes were represented by four linear peptides, with the epitopes corresponding to amino acids 108-111, 113-119, 181-186, and 218-224. Furthermore, the identified Ana o 3 epitopes corresponding to amino acids 10-24, 13-27, 39-49, 66-70, 101-106, 107-114, and 115-122 were also screened out and chosen as the key allergenic epitopes. DISCUSSION: The Ana o 3 epitopes accounted for more than 40% of the total amino acid sequence of the protein; thus, Ana o 3 is potentially more allergenic than Ana o 2.
conclusionsThe bioinformatic epitope prediction produced subpar results in this study. Furthermore, the phage display method was extremely effective in identifying the allergenic epitopes of cashew nut proteins. The key allergenic epitopes were chosen, providing important information for the study of cashew nut allergens.
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