ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Ethosomal Gel for Topical Administration of Dimethyl Fumarate in the Treatment of HSV-1 Infections.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Veterinary Medicine: Advancing Animal Health Through a One Health Approach.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Development of Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Development of Ethosomes for the Topical Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia: Ethanol Effect on Dutasteride Targeting to the Hair Follicles.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Nanovesicles as Potential Carriers for Delivery of Antiviral Drugs: A Comprehensive Review.Current drug delivery · 2025Review
- Ethosome: An Innovative Perspective of Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Self-Healing of Pluronic® F127 Hydrogels in the Presence of Various Polysaccharides.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Dendritic Cells Contributes to Protective Immunity against Herpes Simplex Virus Skin Infection.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Novel potential pharmacological applications of dimethyl fumarate-an overview and update.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The infections caused by the HSV-1 virus induce lesions on the lips, mouth, face, and eye. In this study, an ethosome gel loaded with dimethyl fumarate was investigated as a possible approach to treat HSV-1 infections. A formulative study was conducted, evaluating the effect of drug concentration on size distribution and dimensional stability of ethosomes by photon correlation spectroscopy. Ethosome morphology was investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, while the interaction between dimethyl fumarate and vesicles, and the drug entrapment capacity were respectively evaluated by FTIR and HPLC. To favor the topical application of ethosomes on mucosa and skin, different semisolid forms, based on xanthan gum or poloxamer 407, were designed and compared for spreadability and leakage. Dimethyl fumarate release and diffusion kinetics were evaluated in vitro by Franz cells. The antiviral activity against HSV-1 was tested by plaque reduction assay in Vero and HRPE monolayer cells, while skin irritation effect was evaluated by patch test on 20 healthy volunteers. The lower drug concentration was selected, resulting in smaller and longer stable vesicles, mainly characterized by a multilamellar organization. Dimethyl fumarate entrapment in ethosome was 91%
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.