ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
A Novel Preclinical In Vitro 3D Model of Oral Carcinogenesis for Biomarker Discovery and Drug Testing.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Models of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Temporal Analysis.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2026Pooled it
- Biomarkers Identification in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Proteomic Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway suppresses growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma in 2D and 3D in vitro model and animal model.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- Dual activation of cuproptosis and excessive autophagy by copper-bismuth metal-organic frameworks-loaded detachable microneedles in oral leukoplakia.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Melatonin ameliorates TNFα-induced oral epithelial cell inflammation via Keap1-Nrf2 axis modulation.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Review
- The role of MicroRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant disorders.Odontology · 2024Review
- Calcitriol Treatment Decreases Cell Migration, Viability and β-Catenin Signaling in Oral Dysplasia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Metabolic Profiling to Assess Response to Targeted and Immune Therapy in Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Novel human lymph node-derived matrix supports the adhesion of metastatic oral carcinoma cells.BMC cancer · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of oral carcinogenesis for the rapid, scalable testing of chemotherapeutic agents. Spheroids of normal (HOK) and dysplastic (DOK) human oral keratinocytes were cultured and treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). A 3D invasion assay using Matrigel was performed to validate the model. RNA was extracted and subjected to transcriptomic analysis to validate the model and assess carcinogen-induced changes. The VEGF inhibitors pazopanib and lenvatinib were tested in the model and were validated by a 3D invasion assay, which demonstrated that changes induced by the carcinogen in spheroids were consistent with a malignant phenotype. Further validation was obtained by bioinformatic analyses, which showed the enrichment of pathways associated with hallmarks of cancer and VEGF signalling. Overexpression of common genes associated with tobacco-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), such as MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, YAP1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1, was also observed. Pazopanib and lenvatinib inhibited the invasion of transformed spheroids. In summary, we successfully established a 3D spheroid model of oral carcinogenesis for biomarker discovery and drug testing. This model is a validated preclinical model for OSCC development and would be suitable for testing a range of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.