ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Association between Microorganisms and Microplastics: How Does It Change the Host-Pathogen Interaction and Subsequent Immune Response?
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microplastics in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review.Annals of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Interaction of polystyrene nanoplastics andVirulence · 2026Article
- Functional Foods and Micro- and Nanoplastics: Advances in Precision Nutritional Medicine for Oral-Gut-Brain Axis Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Synergistic Impacts of Co-Exposure to Microplastics and Vibrio harveyi on the Immune and Stress Responses of the Big-Belly Seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Article
- Microplastics and heavy metals dynamics: a potential threat to soil health and food safety.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Plastic-Derived Pollutants as Emerging Modifiers of Viral Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stimulation of Human Adenovirus Infection Modulated by Emerging Micropollutants.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Microplastics and Nanoplastics as Carriers for Viral Transmission: Effects on Viral Properties, Infection, Immune Response, and Public Health.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Combined Toxicity Effects and Health Risks of Microplastics and Multiple Pollutants.Journal of toxicology · 2026Review
- Microplastics amplify the pro-inflammatory response to fungal mycelial fragments and spores in neutrophil-like cells.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Advances in microplastic mitigation: current progress and future directions.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Microplastics and the Rising Tide of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Exploring the Environmental Gut Connection.ANZ journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Micropollutants and Their Interactions With Relevant Environmental Viruses.Environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Micro-nanoplastic induced cardiovascular disease and dysfunction: a scoping review.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Environmental Pollutants, Occupational Exposures, and Liver Disease.Seminars in liver disease · 2025Review
- Unseen toxins: Exploring the human health consequences of micro and nanoplastics.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Human Activity as a Growing Threat to Marine Ecosystems: Plastic and Temperature Effects on the SpongeToxics · 2025Article
- The Emerging Threat of Micro- and Nanoplastics on the Maturation and Activity of Immune Cells.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Microplastics in Agricultural Crops and Their Possible Impact on Farmers' Health: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Recent advances in microbial and enzymatic engineering for the biodegradation of micro- and nanoplastics.RSC advances · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a significant problem worldwide because of the risks it poses to the equilibrium and health of the environment as well as to human beings. Discarded plastic released into the environment can degrade into microplastics (MPs) due to various factors, such as sunlight, seawater flow, and temperature. MP surfaces can act as solid scaffolds for microorganisms, viruses, and various biomolecules (such as LPS, allergens, and antibiotics), depending on the MP characteristics of size/surface area, chemical composition, and surface charge. The immune system has efficient recognition and elimination mechanisms for pathogens, foreign agents, and anomalous molecules, including pattern recognition receptors and phagocytosis. However, associations with MPs can modify the physical, structural, and functional characteristics of microbes and biomolecules, thereby changing their interactions with the host immune system (in particular with innate immune cells) and, most likely, the features of the subsequent innate/inflammatory response. Thus, exploring differences in the immune response to microbial agents that have been modified by interactions with MPs is meaningful in terms of identifying new possible risks to human health posed by anomalous stimulation of immune reactivities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.