SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Effects of Exercise on Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, and Depression in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic complications in individuals with a first-episode psychosis and minimal antipsychotic exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Guideline
- EPA guidance on lifestyle interventions for adults with severe mental illness: A meta-review of the evidence.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Exercise Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: The Impact of Exercise Intensity, Mindfulness Components, and Other Moderators on Symptoms, Functioning, and Cardiometabolic Health.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- A Randomised Feasibility Trial of a Service-Coordinated Exercise Intervention in First-Episode Psychosis: Challenges in Implementation and Outcome Assessment.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effects of web-based adapted physical activity on hippocampal plasticity, cardiorespiratory fitness, symptoms, and cardiometabolic markers in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, controlled study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Trial
- Physical exercise therapy in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: current evidence and treatment recommendations.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Review
- Elevated Copper Level in Schizophrenia Results in Neurotransmitter and Cognitive Alteration.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Aerobic Exercise for Cognitive and Functional Enhancement in Schizophrenia: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Practical Recommendations.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2026Article
- Neural and somatic mechanisms driving clinical improvements in post-acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- [Cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenic psychoses : Diagnostics, course and therapy].Der Nervenarzt · 2025Review
- Is There a Link Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia? A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Horticultural Therapy on Positive, Negative, and Affective Symptoms in Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Biological Methods for Diagnosing Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.Consortium psychiatricum · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of exercise on positive and negative symptoms and depression in patients with schizophrenia through a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to 31 October 2022. We also conducted a manual search using Google Scholar. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. To identify the cause of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, meta-ANOVA, and meta-regression analyses were performed as moderator analyses. Fifteen studies were included. The meta-analysis (random-effects model) for overall exercise showed a medium significant effect (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.72 to -0.31) on negative symptoms, a small significant effect (SMD = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.04) on positive symptoms, and a nonsignificant effect (SMD = -0.87, 95% CI: -1.84 to 0.10) on depression. Our findings demonstrate that exercise can relieve the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the quality of some included studies was low, limiting our results for clear recommendations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.