ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Causes of Moderate and Severe Anaemia in a High-HIV and TB-Prevalent Adult Population in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-time red blood cell transfusions in the emergency department: A deficiency in micronutrient testing.Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- A review - Prescribing iron salts: Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of different iron complexes.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2026Review
- Assessment of serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) status among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected Nigerians with anaemia using serum methylmalonic acid.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Myelodysplastic syndromes: A primary care perspective.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnaemia affects one in four adults in South Africa, with a higher prevalence in persons with HIV and tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to characterise the causes of anaemia in primary care and a district hospital setting.
methodsA cross-sectional study design investigated a purposive sample of adult males and non-pregnant females at two community health centres and a hospital casualty and outpatients. Fingerpick blood haemoglobin was measured with HemoCueHb201+. Those with moderate and severe anaemia underwent clinical examination and laboratory tests.
resultsOf 1327 patients screened, median age was 48 years, and 63.5% were female. Of 471 (35.5%) with moderate and severe anaemia on HemoCue, 55.2% had HIV, 16.6% tuberculosis, 5.9% chronic kidney disease, 2.6% cancer, and 1.3% heart failure. Laboratory testing confirmed 227 (48.2%) with moderate and 111 (23.6%) with severe anaemia, of whom 72.3% had anaemia of inflammation, 26.5% iron-deficiency anaemia, 6.1% folate deficiency, and 2.5% vitamin B12 deficiency. Overall, 57.5% had two or more causes of anaemia. Multivariate modelling showed that patients with severe anaemia were three times more likely to have tuberculosis (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.5-6.5;
conclusionsHIV, iron deficiency, and tuberculosis were the most prevalent causes of moderate and severe anaemia. The majority had multiple causes. Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiencies should be identified by biochemical testing rather than by red cell volume.
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