ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Inequalities in Resource Distribution and Healthcare Service Utilization of Long-Term Care in China.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for MASLD in children and adolescents aged 5 to 24 years: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling study.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Mild Cognitive Impairment, Religiosity, Spirituality and all-Cause Mortality Among Chinese Older Adults in Ethnic Minority Communities.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Measurement of the coupling coordination level and influencing factors of community healthcare services and older adults care services in China.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Unmet community care needs and older adults' well-being: the moderating role of childlessness in China.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Assessing the Alignment of Long-Term Care Insurance Benefits and Service Provision: Evidence from Shandong, China and Implications for Implementation Risk.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Religious life, monastic support, and healthcare inequity among aged Han Buddhist monks in China: an explanatory mixed-methods study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Inequity in the utilization of the home and community integrated healthcare and daily care services in older adults with limited mobility in China.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Progress and challenges in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in China from 2002 to 2021.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Income inequality and healthcare utilization of the older adults-based on a study in three provinces and six cities in China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundLong-term care (LTC) services help the elderly maintain their functional ability and live with dignity. In China, the establishment of an equitable LTC system is a primary focus of the current public health reform. This paper assesses levels of equality in resources for and utilization of LTC services between urban and rural areas and economic regions in China.
methodsWe use social services data from the China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbooks. Gini coefficients against elderly population size are calculated for the number of institutions, beds, and workers, and the concentration index (CI) against per capita disposable income is calculated for the number of disabled residents per 1000 elderly people and the number of rehabilitation and nursing services per resident.
resultsThe Gini coefficients against the elderly population in urban areas indicate relatively good equality. In rural areas, the Gini coefficients have increased rapidly from relatively low values since 2015. The CI values in both urban and rural areas are positive, indicating that utilization is concentrated in the richer population. In rural areas, the CI values for rehabilitation and nursing have remained above 0.50 for the last three years, implying high levels of income-related inequality. The negative CI values for rehabilitation and nursing services in urban areas in the Central economic region and rural areas in the Western region imply a concentration of resource utilization toward poorer groups. The Eastern region shows relatively high internal inequality.
conclusionInequalities exist between urban and rural areas in the utilization of LTC services, despite similar numbers of institution and bed resources. Resource distribution and healthcare service utilization are more equal in urban areas, creating a low level of equilibrium. This urban-rural split is a source of risk for both formal and informal LTC. The Eastern region has the largest number of resources, the highest level of utilization, and the greatest internal variation. In the future, the Chinese government should enhance support for the utilization of services for the elderly with LTC needs.
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