ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Spatial Accessibility of Primary Care in the Dual Public-Private Health System in Rural Areas, Malaysia.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing clinical decision-making skills among nurses in Malaysia: A three-level general linear mixed-effects analysis.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Factors associated with quality of life among older persons in urban and rural settings: a cross-sectional population-based study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Spatial accessibility and equity of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Eastern China: application of improved two-step floating catchment area method.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Examining the diagnostic validity of the ISAAC asthma questionnaire among participants from Singapore and Malaysia.Asia Pacific allergy · 2025Article
- Changes in primary health care service experiences and urban-suburban disparities among Shanghai residents: a two-year comparative study.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Past, current status, and future trends of the rural healthcare network in the Republic of Kazakhstan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Equitable Healthcare Access for Type 2 Diabetes Patients Under a Low-Income Group Health Care Scheme: A Sustainable Development Goal Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Evaluating spatial access to primary care and health disparities in a rural district of Sri Lanka: Implications for strategic health policy interventions.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Spatial accessibility and equity of primary healthcare in Zhejiang, China.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Disparities in access to health services in rural areas represent a global health issue. Various external factors contribute to these disparities and each root requires specific remedial action to alleviate the issue. This study elucidates an approach to assessing the spatial accessibility of primary care, considering Malaysia's dual public-private system specifically in rural areas, and identifies its associated ecological factors. Spatial accessibility was calculated using the Enhance 2-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) method, modified as per local context. Data were secondary sourced from Population and Housing Census data and administrative datasets pertaining to health facilities and road network. The spatial pattern of the E2SFCA scores were depicted using Hot spot Analysis. Hierarchical multiple linear regression and geographical weight regression were performed to identify factors that affect E2SFCA scores. Hot spot areas revolved near the urban agglomeration, largely contributed by the private sector. Distance to urban areas, road density, population density dependency ratios and ethnic composition were among the associated factors. Accurate conceptualization and comprehensive assessment of accessibility are crucial for evidence-based decision making by the policymakers and health authorities in identifying areas that need attention for a more specific and localized planning and development.
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