ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Family Characteristics, Transgender Identity and Emotional Symptoms in Adolescence: A Population Survey Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social epidemiology of gender diversity in early adolescents.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The prevalence of food insecurity and its relationship with wellbeing in a large, cross-sectional study of children and young people in England.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic characteristics, health and wellbeing of nonbinary adolescents in a Southern European City.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Population-adjusted numbers, demographics and mental health among children and adolescents referred to the Norwegian National Center for Gender Incongruence over two decades.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Associations Between Gender Diversity and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence.The International journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Association between gender diversity and substance use experimentation in early adolescents.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Mental health of non-binary youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sociodemographic and psychosocial family factors have profound implications for adolescent development, identity formation and mental health during the adolescent years. We explored the associations of sociodemographic and psychosocial family factors with transgender identity in adolescence and the role of these factors in the associations between gender identity and emotional disorders. Data from a large adolescent population survey from Finland were analysed using logistic regression models. Reporting transgender identity was associated with mother's low level of education, accumulating family life events, lack of family cohesion, perceived lack of family economic resources and female sex. A lack of family cohesion further differentiated between adolescents reporting identifying with the opposite sex and those reporting non-binary/other gender identification. The associations between transgender identity, depression and anxiety were attenuated but did not level out when family factors were controlled for. Transgender identity in adolescence is associated with socioeconomic and psychosocial family factors that are known correlates of negative outcomes in mental health and psychosocial well-being. However, transgender identification is also associated with emotional disorders independent of these family factors.
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