Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36832650›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Sample, Fuzzy and Distribution Entropies of Heart Rate Variability: What Do They Tell Us on Cardiovascular Complexity?

Paolo Castiglioni, Giampiero Merati, Gianfranco Parati, Andrea Faini

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Paolo CastiglioniDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8775-2605
Giampiero MeratiDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
Gianfranco ParatiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9402-7439
Andrea FainiDepartment of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20145 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8924-8234
IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano · ITUniversity of Insubria · IT

Funding

Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Distribution Entropy (DistEn) has been introduced as an alternative to Sample Entropy (SampEn) to assess the heart rate variability (HRV) on much shorter series without the arbitrary definition of distance thresholds. However, DistEn, considered a measure of cardiovascular complexity, differs substantially from SampEn or Fuzzy Entropy (FuzzyEn), both measures of HRV randomness. This work aims to compare DistEn, SampEn, and FuzzyEn analyzing postural changes (expected to modify the HRV randomness through a sympatho/vagal shift without affecting the cardiovascular complexity) and low-level spinal cord injuries (SCI, whose impaired integrative regulation may alter the system complexity without affecting the HRV spectrum). We recorded RR intervals in able-bodied (AB) and SCI participants in supine and sitting postures, evaluating DistEn, SampEn, and FuzzyEn over 512 beats. The significance of "case" (AB vs. SCI) and "posture" (supine vs. sitting) was assessed by longitudinal analysis. Multiscale DistEn (mDE), SampEn (mSE), and FuzzyEn (mFE) compared postures and cases at each scale between 2 and 20 beats. Unlike SampEn and FuzzyEn, DistEn is affected by the spinal lesion but not by the postural sympatho/vagal shift. The multiscale approach shows differences between AB and SCI sitting participants at the largest mFE scales and between postures in AB participants at the shortest mSE scales. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that DistEn measures cardiovascular complexity while SampEn/FuzzyEn measure HRV randomness, highlighting that together these methods integrate the information each of them provides.

Indexed as

autonomic nervous systemDistEnFuzzyEnmultiscale entropypostureSampEnspinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID36832650
PMCPMC9954876
OpenAlexW4319160097

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.