Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36832359›Full record

ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Orthodontic Retainers-A Critical Review.

Ioannis Lyros, Ioannis A Tsolakis, Michael P Maroulakos, Eleni Fora, Theodoros Lykogeorgos, Maria Dalampira, Apostolos I Tsolakis

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) in retainer removal : Effects on enamel loss, composite residue, and time.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Orthodontic retainers: are they all the same?Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ioannis LyrosDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5897-6116
Ioannis A TsolakisDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5435-4889
Michael P MaroulakosDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Eleni ForaDepartment of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Theodoros Lykogeorgos"Hatzikosta" General Hospital of Messolonghi, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece.
Maria DalampiraPrivate Practice, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Apostolos I TsolakisDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3019-5438
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GRHellenic Agency for Local Development and Local Government · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The achievement of aesthetic, functional occlusion should not mark the end of the orthodontic intervention. To prevent relapse, retention needs advance planning, and may vary in duration. This review aims to present and comment on the available means of retention. The ever-popular, passive Hawley-like removable appliances are credible in maintaining the desired occlusion. Modifications are the removable appliance Wrap Around, having the labial archwire extending to the premolars; the translucent retainer, Astics, a unique aesthetic Hawley-type device; and the reinforced removable retainer, which features a metallic grid reinforcing the acrylic base. Vacuum-formed retainers are easy to fabricate and are readily prescribed. By contrast, fixed retainers are made of orthodontic wire and composite resin bonded on the lingual or palatal surfaces of the anterior teeth. Patient-related variables need evaluation to select the appropriate retainer, while patients ought to realize the importance of retention and comply with offered guidance. Overall, the orthodontist is responsible for keeping the patient informed on the properties and the duration of retention, even before starting active orthodontic treatment.

Indexed as

clear retainerfixed retainermaintenance of treatment resultorthodontic treatmentremovable appliances

Identifiers

PMID36832359
PMCPMC9954726
OpenAlexW4318477820

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.