ArticleBiomolecules2023
Specific Human Milk Oligosaccharides Differentially Promote Th1 and Regulatory Responses in a CpG-Activated Epithelial/Immune Cell Coculture.
Article in Biomolecules, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Studies on the Supplementation of Manufactured Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- From homeostasis to dysregulation: human milk, microbial metabolites, and the preterm intestinal microenvironment in necrotizing enterocolitis.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Maternal Dietary Fiber Intake During Lactation and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fucosylation: a PRIMA Birth Cohort Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Integrated 'omics analysis reveals human milk oligosaccharide biosynthesis programs in human lactocytes.iScience · 2025Article
- Systemic Availability of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Infants and Adults: A Narrative Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Lifelong partners: Gut microbiota-immune cell interactions from infancy to old age.Mucosal immunology · 2025Review
- Mutual Interactions Between Microbiota and the Human Immune System During the First 1000 Days of Life.Biology · 2025Review
- Exploring human milk oligosaccharides: mechanisms linking gut function to cognitive development in human and pig physiology.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Secretor and non-secretor human milk oligosaccharides differentially modulate immune response in the presence of cow's milk allergen β-lactoglobulin in anFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- HMOS 2'FL and 3FL prevent house dust mite induced proinflammatory cytokine releaseFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of multistrain Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus probiotics on HMO compositions after supplementation to pregnant women at threatening preterm delivery: design of the randomized clinical PROMO trial.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2024Review
- Apolipoprotein A-I: Potential Protection Against Intestinal Injury Induced by Dietary Lipid.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Human milk oligosaccharides differentially support gut barrier integrity and enhance Th1 and Th17 cell effector responsesFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Proper early life immune development creates a basis for a healthy and resilient immune system, which balances immune tolerance and activation. Deviations in neonatal immune maturation can have life-long effects, such as development of allergic diseases. Evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) possess immunomodulatory properties essential for neonatal immune maturation. To understand the immunomodulatory properties of enzymatic or bacterial produced HMOS, the effects of five HMOS (2'FL, 3FL, 3'SL, 6'SL and LNnT), present in human milk have been studied. A PBMC immune model, the IEC barrier model and IEC/PBMC transwell coculture models were used, representing critical steps in mucosal immune development. HMOS were applied to IEC cocultured with activated PBMC. In the presence of CpG, 2'FL and 3FL enhanced IFNγ (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.