ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Antibiotic Consumption in Navarre (Spain): An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic Use in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study in Indonesia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A comprehensive descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analysis of antibiotic products' demand pre-, amid, and post-COVID-19 in Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Rebound of Antibiotic Use and Respiratory Infections After Resumption of Normalcy From COVID-19 in Hong Kong.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- From Routine to Crisis: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Antibiotic Consumption in Iran.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Time series analysis of COVID-19's impact on physician and dentist visits in Iran.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community antibiotic consumption in the EU/European Economic Area: a changepoint analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. This exceptional situation changed the world not only in terms of mortality and morbidity, but also in terms of epidemiology and health system resources consumption. The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption of antibiotics during the period around the pandemic in our region. A drug utilization study was performed comparing the antibiotic consumption in the community during the years 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. Quarterly antibiotic use (defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)) and number of patients treated were the outcomes. Interrupted time series regression analysis was performed to estimate the statistical significance of the change in level of consumption before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The drop of global antibiotic consumption was statistically significant, both in number of patients and in DID when analyzing pre-pandemic period versus pandemic period. The use of strategic antibiotics for respiratory infections such as amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin also decreased significantly. Seasonal pattern of use of antibiotics disappeared due to the global measures imposed over the world to work against COVID-19.
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