ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Hindering Phage Therapy: The Phage Tolerance vs. Phage Resistance of Bacterial Biofilms.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A phage-based luminescent reporter platform for rapid typing of multiple capsular types ofhLife · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage therapy for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections: recent advances, clinical evidence, and translational challenges.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Synergistic strategies to rescue the last-resort antibiotic colistin.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- From hype to hope: reanimating phage therapy through evidence-based multidisciplinarity.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Short-term antagonism between bacteriophages and macrophages decreases with bacteria-phage coevolution.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Broth Optical Density-Based Assessment for Phage Therapy: Turbidity Reduction, Antibacterial Virulence, and Time-Kill.Viruses · 2026Review
- A Novel, Broad-Spectrum, Virulent Bacteriophage TargetingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bacteriophages and Their Enzymes: Allies Against Microbial Biofilms.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Phages connect the biological dots of antimicrobial resistance: from genesis and spread to alternative treatment modules.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Review
- Recent insights on challenges encountered with phage therapy against gastrointestinal-associated infections.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Review
- P3MA: A Promising Mycobacteriophage InfectingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- [Application of phages in farm animals, food and the environment as part of a One Health approach-potentials and challenges].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Article
- Pulsed Blue Light and Phage Therapy: A Novel Synergistic Bactericide.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Microbial community structure is affected by phage-resistance associated increases in host density.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
- Human Gut Bacteriophageome: Insights Into Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Tuberculosis.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Phage Cocktail againstInternational journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy of a commercial bacteriophage cocktail against planktonic cells and both thin and thick biofilms of skin pathogens, measured using isothermal microcalorimetry.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Isolation and characterization of novel lytic bacteriophages against (fluoro)quinolone-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As with antibiotics, we can differentiate various acquired mechanisms of bacteria-mediated inhibition of the action of bacterial viruses (phages or bacteriophages) into ones of tolerance vs. resistance. These also, respectively, may be distinguished as physiological insensitivities (or protections) vs. resistance mutations, phenotypic resistance vs. genotypic resistance, temporary vs. more permanent mechanisms, and ecologically vs. also near-term evolutionarily motivated functions. These phenomena can result from multiple distinct molecular mechanisms, many of which for bacterial tolerance of phages are associated with bacterial biofilms (as is also the case for the bacterial tolerance of antibiotics). The resulting inhibitions are relevant from an applied perspective because of their potential to thwart phage-based treatments of bacterial infections, i.e., phage therapies, as well as their potential to interfere more generally with approaches to the phage-based biological control of bacterial biofilms. In other words, given the generally low toxicity of properly chosen therapeutic phages, it is a combination of phage tolerance and phage resistance, as displayed by targeted bacteria, that seems to represent the greatest impediments to phage therapy's success. Here I explore general concepts of bacterial tolerance of vs. bacterial resistance to phages, particularly as they may be considered in association with bacterial biofilms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.