ReviewBiology2023
Targets of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Cancer: Basis for Development and Evolution of Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent advances in the regulation of CD47 by non-coding RNAs and its therapeutic potential in cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives on 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models in Cancer Research: Molecular Determinants of Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Response.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- S100A10 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma by regulating JUND/TNC axis-mediated EMT.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- KLF family of proteins in gastrointestinal tumors (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- An Integrated Immunometabolic Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in ccRCC and IdentifiesCancers · 2026Article
- The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Next generation approaches in cancer immunotherapy targeting mechanisms beyond PD1 and PDL1.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- VISTA: bridging gaps in cancer immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Unlocking the potential: current landscape and future directions of immunotherapy in gastric cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- KIF22 promotes the proliferation and immune escape of endometrial cancer cells by activating the STAT3/PDL1 pathway.Histology and histopathology · 2026Article
- Immunotherapeutic potential of PD-1 blockade in chronic Leishmania mexicana infection through the enhancement of progenitor-like CXCR5Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting mitochondrial metabolism to overcome hormone resistance in breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Mechanism by which SAHA regulates HLA-E expression via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway in neuroblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Disrupting PDGFRA-driven immune evasion in glioma: vaccine-based strategies on the horizon.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Constructing a PANoptosis-based prognostic signature to evaluate the immune landscape and therapeutic response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- AbAgym: a well-curated dataset for the mutational analysis of antibody-antigen complexes.mAbs · 2025Article
- Identification of potential genes associated with metastasis in osteosarcoma: an integrated bioinformatics analysis.Musculoskeletal surgery · 2025Review
- FGF4 drives tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer via IL6/STAT3-mediated macrophage M2 polarization and immune suppression.Cell division · 2025Article
- mCancer communications (London, England) · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer therapy in the last decade. Unfortunately, a small number of patients benefit from approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, multiple studies are being conducted to find new ICIs and combination strategies to improve the current ICIs. In this review, we discuss some approved immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, and also highlight newer emerging ICIs. For instance, HLA-E, overexpressed by tumor cells, represents an immune-suppressive feature by binding CD94/NKG2A, on NK and T cells. NKG2A blockade recruits CD8+ T cells and activates NK cells to decrease the tumor burden. NKG2D acts as an NK cell activating receptor that can also be a potential ICI. The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, CD47-SIRPα, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and VISTA are targets that also contribute to cancer immunoresistance and have been considered for clinical trials. Their antitumor immunosuppressive functions can be used to develop blocking antibodies. PARPs, mARTs, and B7-H3 are also other potential targets for immunosuppression. Additionally, miRNA, mRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated immunotherapeutic approaches are being investigated with great interest. Pre-clinical and clinical studies project these targets as potential immunotherapeutic candidates in different cancer types for their robust antitumor modulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.