ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2023
Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of N-Acetylcysteine and 4-Phenylbutyric Acid for Potential Use as Antidotes to Lewisite.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emulsome-Based Nanocarrier System for Controlled 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Delivery and Mechanistic Mitigation of Arsenical-Induced Skin Injury via Foam Application.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Sustained delivery of 4-phenylbutyric acid via chitosan nanoparticles in foam for decontamination and treatment of lewisite-mediated skin injury.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Enhancing topical delivery of ISRIB: Optimizing cream formulations with chemical enhancers and pH adjustment.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of N-acetyl cysteine as a potential antidote for lewisite injury.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Phenylarsine oxide induced corneal injury involves oxidative stress mediated unfolded protein response and ferroptotic cell death: Amelioration by NAC.Free radical biology & medicine · 2023Article
- Optimized dithranol-imiquimod-based transcutaneous immunization enables tumor rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lewisite is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent that leads to cutaneous and systemic damage. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 4-phenylbutryic acid (4-PBA) are two novel antidotes developed to treat toxicity caused by lewisite and similar arsenicals. Our in vivo studies demonstrated safety and effectiveness of these agents against skin injury caused by surrogate lewisite (Phenylarsine oxide) proving their potential for the treatment of lewisite injury. We further focused on exploring various enhancement strategies for an enhanced delivery of these agents via skin. NAC did not permeate passively from propylene glycol (PG). Iontophoresis as a physical enhancement technique and chemical enhancers were investigated for transdermal delivery of NAC. Application of cathodal and anodal iontophoresis with the current density of 0.2 mA/cm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.