ReviewToxins2023
Food-Derived Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Review in Toxins, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Pharmacological Interventions Aimed at Changing the Gut Microbiota for Preventing the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- LactuloseWorld journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Treating Hyperuricemia: Natural Products as Interventions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dietary management of normoalbuminaemic canine chronic enteropathies.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Review
- Article
- Kidney Function Modulates Gut Microbial Metabolism.Toxins · 2026Article
- Planetary Health Diet Adherence and Medication Use in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gut-Kidney Axis: Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- Blood Pressure Beyond the Dialysis Chair.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Combining Ketoacid Analog Supplemented Low-Protein Diets with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Temporal Changes in Blood Metabolome Among Patients on Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Indole metabolism and its role in diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Review
- Dietary Intake and Gut Microbiome in CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Review
- Concentrations of uremic bacterial metabolites in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The Gut-Kidney Axis in Chronic Kidney Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Future of Uremic Toxin Management.Toxins · 2024Review
- Non-dialyzable uremic toxins and renal tubular cell damage in CKD patients: a systems biology approach.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Role of Uremic Toxins, Oxidative Stress, and Renal Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to the average population, and this is partially due to the plasma accumulation of solutes known as uremic toxins. The binding of some solutes to plasma proteins complicates their removal via conventional therapies, e.g., hemodialysis. Protein-bound uremic toxins originate either from endogenous production, diet, microbial metabolism, or the environment. Although the impact of diet on uremic toxicity in CKD is difficult to quantify, nutrient intake plays an important role. Indeed, most uremic toxins are gut-derived compounds. They include Maillard reaction products, hippurates, indoles, phenols, and polyamines, among others. In this review, we summarize the findings concerning foods and dietary components as sources of uremic toxins or their precursors. We then discuss their endogenous metabolism via human enzyme reactions or gut microbial fermentation. Lastly, we present potential dietary strategies found to be efficacious or promising in lowering uremic toxins plasma levels. Aligned with current nutritional guidelines for CKD, a low-protein diet with increased fiber consumption and limited processed foods seems to be an effective treatment against uremic toxins accumulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.