ReviewToxins2023
Cosmetic Treatment Using Botulinum Toxin in the Oral and Maxillofacial Area: A Narrative Review of Esthetic Techniques.
Review in Toxins, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redefining the Facial Artery Safe Zone: A Dynamic, Segment-Based Vascular Risk Analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Unexpected Botulinum Toxin Effect on Neck Rejuvenation After a Jawline Lifting Procedure: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- [Expert consensus in Southwest China on the application of botulinum toxin type A in upper and mid-facial aesthetics].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026Article
- Ultrasound imaging in aesthetic medicine: safety and precision in injectable procedures.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Review
- Global Research Trends and Thematic Evolution in Injectable Aesthetic Medicine: A 25-year Bibliometric Analysis (2000-2025).Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- A Psychological Guide to Lower Face Botulinum Toxin Injections: Baseline Emotional Functions of Facial Expressions.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Botulinum Toxin for Lip Inversion in Gummy Smile.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Determining the Position, Morphology, and Location of the Depressor Anguli Muscle Through Ultrasound in the Caucasian Population.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency Combined with Botulinum Toxin Type A for Periorbital Aging: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Female Perioral Aesthetic and Therapeutic Strategies of Chinese Population in China.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Facial volume reduction and masticatory function after masseter botulinum toxin injection: a prospective study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Advances in Anti-aging Procedures: A Comprehensive Review of Surgical and Non-surgical Rejuvenation Techniques.Cureus · 2025Review
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Main facial anatomical concerns of dentists to perform botox injections.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Article
- The Psychosocial Impact on Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ): The Effect of Sociodemographic Variables on Results in a Spanish Adult Population. An Observational and Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2025Observational
- Unraveling Botulinum Neurotoxin A Light-Chain-Induced Signaling Pathways: A Phosphoproteomic Analysis in a Controlled Cellular Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- The Effects of Botulinum Toxin on Vascular Diameter: A Preliminary Report.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an anaerobic rod-shaped-neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, that has both therapeutic and lethal applications. BoNT injection is the most popular cosmetic procedure worldwide with various applications. Patients with dynamic wrinkles in areas such as the glabella, forehead, peri-orbital lines, nasal rhytides, and perioral rhytides are indicated. Excessive contraction of muscles or hyperactivity of specific muscles such as bulky masseters, cobble stone chins, gummy smiles, asymmetric smiles, and depressed mouth corners can achieve esthetic results by targeting the precise muscles. Patients with hypertrophic submandibular glands and parotid glands can also benefit esthetically. There are several FDA-approved BoNTs (obabotuli-numtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, incobotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA, prabotulinumtox-inA, daxibotulinumtoxinA, rimbotulinumtoxinB) and novel BoNTs on the market. This paper is a narrative review of the consensus statements of expert practitioners and various literature on the injection points and techniques, highlighting both the Asian and Caucasian population separately. This paper can serve as a practical illustrative guide and reference for optimal, safe injection areas and effective doses for application of BoNT in the face and oral and maxillofacial area. The history of BoNT indications, contraindications, and complications, and the merits of ultrasonography (US)-assisted injections are also discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.