ArticleAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2023
Perspective: Is the Response of Human Energy Expenditure to Increased Physical Activity Additive or Constrained?
Article in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of physical activity on caloric and macronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- Ketogenic diet but not free-sugar restriction alters glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, peripheral tissue phenotype, and gut microbiome: RCT.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- A combination of aerobic and resistance training induces white adipose tissue browning.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence that daily resting and activity energy expenditures are independent in humans.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Why Do Humans Exercise? A Neuro-Evolutionary Framework for Discretionary Physical Effort.Evolutionary anthropology · 2026Review
- Hepatic ketogenic insufficiency blunts exercise-induced energy expenditure and alters mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Physical activity substitution: An overlooked constraint on energy expenditure during exercise and physical activity interventions.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Physical activity is directly associated with total energy expenditure without evidence of constraint or compensation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Observational
- Energy balance in women during polar trekking-The POWER study.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Chrononutrition and Energy Balance: How Meal Timing and Circadian Rhythms Shape Weight Regulation and Metabolic Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Reply to Pemberton and Brown.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Resting metabolic rate and energy efficiency in response to an intensive 84-day combat-swimmer training in the German Armed Forces.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Metabolic scaling, energy allocation tradeoffs, and the evolution of humans' unique metabolism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Validity of predictive equations for total energy expenditure against doubly labeled water.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Are there sex differences in the variability of fasting metabolism?Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Does eating less or exercising more to reduce energy availability produce distinct metabolic responses?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Take it to the limit: The limitations of energetic explanations for birth timing in humans.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The idea that increasing physical activity directly adds to TEE in humans (additive model) has been challenged by the energy constrained hypothesis (constrained model). This model proposes that increased physical activity decreases other components of metabolism to constrain TEE. There is a logical evolutionary argument for trade-offs in metabolism, but, to date, evidence supporting constraint is subject to several limitations, including cross-sectional and correlational studies with potential methodological issues from extreme differences in body size/composition and lifestyle, potential statistical issues such as regression dilution and spurious correlations, and conclusions drawn from deductive inference rather than direct observation of compensation. Addressing these limitations in future studies, ideally, randomized controlled trials should improve the accuracy of models of human energy expenditure. The available evidence indicates that in many scenarios, the effect of increasing physical activity on TEE will be mostly additive although some energy appears to "go missing" and is currently unaccounted for. The degree of energy balance could moderate this effect even further.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.