Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36828152›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of nutrition2023

Frequency of Consuming Breakfast Meals and After-Dinner Snacks Is not Associated with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Valeria Elahy, Cynthia Thomson, Marian L Neuhouser, Luohua Jiang, Sunmin Lee, Kathy Pan, Mara Vitolins, Rowan Chlebowski, Dorothy Lane, Andrew O Odegaard

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Valeria ElahyDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Cynthia ThomsonDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Marian L NeuhouserCancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Luohua JiangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Sunmin LeeDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kathy PanDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Downey, CA, USA.
Mara VitolinsDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Rowan ChlebowskiLundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
Dorothy LaneDepartment of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Andrew O OdegaardDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: aodegaar@hs.uci.edu.
University of California, Irvine · USFred Hutch Cancer Center · USKaiser Permanente · USStony Brook School · USUCLA Medical Center · USUniversity of Arizona · USWake Forest University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere has been little investigation into how the timing of meals and eating occasions associates with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.

objectiveWe examined the association between the frequency of consuming breakfast meals and after-dinner snacks with the risk for postmenopausal breast cancer.

methodsA prospective analysis of 74,825 postmenopausal women aged 49 to 81 y from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study cohort. Breakfast and after-dinner snack intake were assessed at year 1 examination. Risk for invasive and in situ breast cancer diagnosed before 28 February 2020 was modeled with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models according to breakfast and after-dinner snack consumption frequencies. The models were adjusted for age, self-identified race/ethnicity, education, income, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, diet quality score (Healthy Eating Index 2015), energy intake, diabetic status, hormone therapy, and BMI.

resultsDuring the follow-up period, 5313 participants were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and 1197 participants with in situ breast cancer. Compared with participants who did not eat breakfast, those with daily breakfast consumption was not associated with invasive breast cancer (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.19) nor in situ (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.74) breast cancer. There were monotonic higher point estimates of in situ breast cancer for each higher category of breakfast intake from 0 to 7 times per week (P-trend = 0.04, Wald test). Compared with consumption of daily after-dinner snacks, avoidance of after-dinner snacks was not associated with invasive breast cancer (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.08) nor in situ (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.42) breast cancer.

conclusionsThere was no association between intake frequency of breakfast meals or after-dinner snack habits and with risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

Indexed as

BreakfastBreast NeoplasmsEnergy IntakeFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansMealsPostmenopauseSnacksWomen's Healthafter-dinner snackbreakfastbreast cancercancercircadian rhythmmeal timing

Identifiers

PMID36828152
PMCPMC10367221
OpenAlexW4319339285

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.