ReviewChemical reviews2023
Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications.
Review in Chemical reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Direct metathesis deconstruction to recycle poly(dicyclopentadiene) composites.Science advances · 2026Article
- Polymer Size-Catalytic Activity Relationships in Solution by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Chain entanglements enable regeneration of high-performance thermosets.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Frontal Polymerization-Enabled Rapid Fabrication of Gelatin-Containing Hydrogels with Good Mechanical and Biological Properties.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Manufacturing Thermoset Lattice Core Sandwich Panel via Frontal Polymerization.ACS applied polymer materials · 2026Article
- Electrochemically mediated disproportionation for selective formaldehyde upcycling in acid.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Photopatterning-Induced Diffusion for Directed Molecular Alignment.Chem & bio engineering · 2026Review
- Engineering Free Volume within Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization via Pendant Plasticization.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Facile Access to Salt-Resistant Polyzwitterionic Hydrogel Evaporator via In Situ Frontal Curing-3D Printing Strategy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Photo-induced energy-transfer polymerization.National science review · 2025Article
- Standardizing Depolymerization: Strategies and Performance Metrics.Precision chemistry · 2025Review
- Molecular Weight Control in Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Multimaterial 3D Printing in Activating Bath Enables In Situ Polymerization of Thermosets with Intricate Geometries and Diverse Elastic Behaviors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Active light-controlled frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Equilibrium-gated pattern formation: How molecular dissociation thermodynamics drive emergent behavior in dissipative polymeric systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Fabrication of hydroxylated norbornene foamsRSC advances · 2025Article
- Frontal polymerization of thermosets to enable vacuum-formed structural electronics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Morphogenic Growth 3D Printing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Revivable self-assembled supramolecular biomass fibrous framework for efficient microplastic removal.Science advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The synthesis and processing of most thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing methods. Frontal polymerization is an attractive, scalable alternative due to its exploitation of polymerization heat that is generally wasted and unutilized. The only external energy needed for frontal polymerization is an initial thermal (or photo) stimulus that locally ignites the reaction. The subsequent reaction exothermicity provides local heating; the transport of this thermal energy to neighboring monomers in either a liquid or gel-like state results in a self-perpetuating reaction zone that provides fully cured thermosets and thermoplastics. Propagation of this polymerization front continues through the unreacted monomer media until either all reactants are consumed or sufficient heat loss stalls further reaction. Several different polymerization mechanisms support frontal processes, including free-radical, cat- or anionic, amine-cure epoxides, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The choice of monomer, initiator/catalyst, and additives dictates how fast the polymer front traverses the reactant medium, as well as the maximum temperature achievable. Numerous applications of frontally generated materials exist, ranging from porous substrate reinforcement to fabrication of patterned composites. In this review, we examine in detail the physical and chemical phenomena that govern frontal polymerization, as well as outline the existing applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.