ArticleMethods and protocols2023
Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) Method for Determination of Total Fluorine and Total Organic Fluorine in Packaging Substrates.
Article in Methods and protocols, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Carbonate-nitrate alkali sintering for fluoride determination in geological materials: mechanistic insights, interference control and validation with reference materials.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2026Article
- Migration Safety of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Sugarcane Pulp Tableware: Residue Analysis and Takeout Simulation Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Complete aqueous defluorination of PFAS in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) by pulsed electrolysis with tailored potential modulation.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Influence of Talc in Polypropylene on Total Fluorine Measurements Used as an Indicator of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS).Journal of AOAC International · 2025Article
- Post-ICP Chemical Ionization MS for Total Extractable Organic Fluorine Quantitation.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Food Packaging: Migration, Toxicity, and Management Strategies.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Various testing methods and techniques have been used to identify and quantify per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food packaging. A common indirect measurement of PFAS is total fluorine (TF) and total organic fluorine (TOF). These methods are critical in rapidly screening food packaging materials for the >9000 PFAS and are often globally used for regulatory limits. However, this destructive approach requires careful sample preparation, combustion, and the analysis of the solution by a fluoride-specific electrode. The method described herein is a cost-effective, rapid, quantitative, and externally validated initial screening of packaging materials for fluoro-chemistry. This study presents validated protocols for measuring TF and TOF in packaging substrates using oxygen combustion sample preparation coupled with fluoride ion-selective electrode (F-ISE); the materials and required equipment are provided, and the step-by-step procedure from sample preparation to the analysis are described, including critical steps to minimize contamination and interferences during sample preparation.
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Registered trials
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