ReviewPain and therapy2023
New Synthetic Opioids: Clinical Considerations and Dangers.
Review in Pain and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in new psychoactive substance poisonings in the Netherlands: A 14-year retrospective analysis (2012-2025).Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Landscaping the Nitazene Scaffold to Identify Novel Mu-Opioid Receptor Modulators: From Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis to Pharmacological Profiling.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Transitions from first drug use to illicit opioid and injection drug use in a multisite rural U.S. cohort of people who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Cornichon Homolog-3 (Cnih3) deletion impairs spatial memory, operant learning, and fentanyl self-administration behavior.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Assessment of Cognitive Impairment Between Natural and Synthetic Opioid Users.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2026Article
- Novel Synthetic Opioids (NSOs) and Their Evolving Crisis: Utilising NPSPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Three Candidates, Two Peaks: Addressing Conflicting Assignments of Fentanyl Protomers with DMS-UVPD.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2025Article
- Comparison of the Metabolic Profiles Associated with Protonitazene and Protonitazepyne in Two Severe Poisonings.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Accidental protonitazene intoxication: clinical management and detection of a novel opioid.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- First evidence in an oversea French department of the deadly risk of protonitazene use: about 5 post mortem cases.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- The risk of developing more potent fentanyl analogs: a mini review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Nitazene opioids and the heart: Identification of a cardiac ion channel target for illicit nitazene opioids.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2024Article
- Respiratory Depression Associated with Opioids: A Narrative Review.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Hazardous Materials from Threats to Safety: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Versatile Safeguarding Platforms.Polymers · 2024Review
- Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Substance Use Disorders: A Narrative Review.Clocks & sleep · 2024Review
- Informing evidence-based medicine for opioid use disorder using pharmacoeconomic studies.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research · 2024Review
- Tackling new psychoactive substances through metabolomics: UHPLC-HRMS study on natural and synthetic opioids in male and female murine models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the early 2010s, synthetic opioids have significantly contributed to overall opioid-related overdose mortalities. For point of reference, of the 68,630 opioid-related deaths recorded in 2020, 56,516 involved synthetic opioids. During much of this period, fentanyl has been the most commonly used synthetic opioid. This time when fentanyl was the most popular opioid has been called the "third wave" of the opioid crisis, partly because it led to a sharp rise in deaths from overdoses. Other synthetic opioids, such as carfentanil, protonitazene, and isotonitazene, have also become more widely diverted for nonmedical used. Carfentanil is an even more potent fentanyl derivative that was initially used in the mid-1980s as a general anesthetic for large animals such as elephants. Related to its strong affinity for mu opioid receptors, carfentanil is still utilized in medicine and science today as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography imaging. Protonitazene and isotonitazene belong to a novel class of synthetic opioids called benzimidazoles that were manufactured in the 1950s as novel analgesics. These agents have come under recent scrutiny as designer synthetic opioids becoming more prevalent. However, to date, there is incomplete data regarding the prevalence of synthetic opioids, as traditional toxicology screenings may not be sensitive to detect these compounds at such low doses post-mortem, particularly when blood is drawn from the periphery instead of central tissues such as the brain, lung, or heart. This narrative review aims to highlight the clinical challenges presented by these new synthetic opioids.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.