ArticleMetabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society2023
Assessment of uremic toxins in advanced chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis by LC-ESI-MS/MS.
Article in Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The causal relationship between serum metabolites and the risk of psoriasis: a Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- High-flux hemodialysis with polymethylmethacrylate membranes reduces soluble CD40L, a mediator of cardiovascular disease in uremia.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Trial
- Effect of hemoperfusion plus hemodialysis on uremic toxins and anemia in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Pharmacological Strategies for Attenuating p-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Kidney Disease.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Imaging and spatially resolved mass spectrometry applications in nephrology.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Albumin coatings for counteracting uremic metabolites effects on host responses to biomaterials.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Review
- Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analytical Methods for the Quantitation ofPharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Determination of indoxyl sulfate by spectrofluorimetric method in human plasma through extraction with deep eutectic solvent.BMC chemistry · 2024Article
- Immunosenescence and Immune Exhaustion Are Associated with Levels of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Patients on Hemodialysis.Biomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), electrolytes, fluids, and metabolic wastes including various uremic toxins, accumulate at high concentrations in the patients' blood. Hemodialysis (HD) is the conventional procedure used worldwide to remove metabolic wastes. The creatinine and urea levels have been routinely monitored to estimate kidney function and effectiveness of the HD process. This study, first from in Indian perspective, aimed at the identification and quantification of major uremic toxins in CKD patients on maintenance HD (PRE-HD), and compared with the healthy controls (HC) as well as after HD (POST-HD).
objectivesThe study mainly focused on the identification of major uremic toxins in Indian perspective and the quantitative analysis of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate (routinely targeted uremic toxins), and phenyl sulfate, catechol sulfate, and guaiacol sulfate (targeted for the first time), apart from creatinine and urea in PRE-HD, POST-HD, and HC groups.
methodsBlood samples were collected from 90 HD patients (both PRE-HD and POST-HD), and 74 HCs. The plasma samples were subjected to direct ESI-HRMS and LC/HRMS for untargeted metabolomics and LC-MS/MS for quantitative analysis.
resultsVarious known uremic toxins, and a few new and unknown peaks were detected in PRE-HD patients. The p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate were dominant in PRE-HD, the concentrations of phenyl sulfate, catechol sulfate, and guaiacol sulfate were about 50% of that of indoxyl sulfate. Statistical evaluation on the levels of targeted uremic toxins in PRE-HD, POST-HD, and HC groups showed a significant difference among the three groups. The dialytic clearance of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate was found to be < 35%, while that of the other three sulfates was 50-58%.
conclusionLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to evaluate five major uremic toxins in CKD patients on HD. The levels of the targeted uremic toxins could be used to assess kidney function and the effectiveness of HD.
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