ReviewDentistry journal2023
Tooth Whitening with Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review.
Review in Dentistry journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of nanohydroxyapatite paste after different pretreatment techniques on remineralization and color change of white spot lesions in children: a randomized control study.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Effect of remineralization after in office followed by home treatment of white spot lesions in children randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Caries-preventing effect of a hydroxyapatite-toothpaste in adults: a 18-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- Achieving Robust and High-Transmittance Bioceramics with Minimal Organic Additives via a Supervariate Strategy.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Color Stability of In-Office Bleaching Agents: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Whitening Efficacy of a Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste and a Blue Covarine Toothpaste: A Comparative In Vitro Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Advancements in nanohydroxyapatite: synthesis, biomedical applications and composite developments.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Review
- Applications and interventions of polymers and nanomaterials in alveolar bone regeneration and tooth dentistry.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Article
- Remineralization Induced by Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Toothpastes on Human Enamel.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Improving Oral Health with Fluoride-Free Calcium-Phosphate-Based Biomimetic Toothpastes: An Update of the Clinical Evidence.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Inhibitory Effect of Adsorption ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Remineralization Strategies for Teeth with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): A Literature Review.Dentistry journal · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A steadily increasing public demand for whiter teeth has resulted in the development of new oral care products for home use. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a new ingredient to whiten teeth. This systematic review focuses on the evidence of whether HAP can effectively whiten teeth. A systematic search using the PICO approach and PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and Google Scholar as databases. All study designs (in vitro, in vivo) and publications in foreign language studies were included. Of the 279 study titles that the searches produced, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. A new "Quality Assessment Tool For In Vitro Studies" (the QUIN Tool) was used to determine the risk of bias of the 13 studies conducted in vitro. Moreover, 12 out of 13 studies had a low risk of bias. The in vivo studies were assigned Cochrane-based GRADE scores. The results in vitro and in vivo were consistent in the direction of showing a statistically significant whitening of enamel. The evidence from in vitro studies is rated overall as having a low risk of bias. The evidence from in vivo clinical trials is supported by modest clinical evidence based on six preliminary clinical trials. It can be concluded that the regular use of hydroxyapatite-containing oral care products effectively whitens teeth, but more clinical trials are required to support the preliminary in vivo evidence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.