ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Utility of monocyte HLA-DR and rationale for therapeutic GM-CSF in sepsis immunoparalysis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of research trends and hotspots in sepsis-related immunosuppression (2005-2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Emerging Immune Cell Biomarkers in Primary Membranous Nephropathy: Immune Cell Profiling During Anti-CD20 B Cell-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Nomogram Integrating CD169%, Neutrophil CD64 Index, and C-Reactive Protein for Differential Diagnosis of Mixed Respiratory Tract Infections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Longitudinal immune-inflammatory profiles and mortality in older adults with sepsis: a multicentre prospective cohort study.Journal of intensive care · 2026Article
- EBV reactivation and immunoparalysis indicate a harmful immune endotype in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of Interleukin-10 in Sepsis: Research Progress and Therapeutic Prospects.Inflammation · 2026Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in sepsis: drivers of persistent immunosuppression and targets for precision immunotherapy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Bench-to-Bedside Insights into the Challenges of Immunosuppression in Sepsis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PRC1 promotes immunosuppressive macrophages in sepsis via β-catenin/STAT3 signaling.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- The "cytokine storm" in infection and sepsis: win the battle but lose the war.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Innate immune regulation of adaptive immunity: mechanisms, implications, and bias.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Peripheral immune phenotyping identifies an immunosuppressed sepsis endotype with potential relevance for immune stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Sepsis: Immune Trajectories, Monocyte Dysfunction, and Translational Biomarkers.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- HLA DP/DRA molecule regulates systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, aggravates cognitive impairment and long-term anxiety in murine model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression: redefining sepsis therapy using modern approaches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- An 11-gene blood transcriptomic signature reflects a sepsis-associated host-response pattern across public cohorts.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia via the gut-lung axis: the Shenling Baizhu San hypothesis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammation-driven immune reprogramming in sepsis: from cytokine storm to immunoparalysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis, a heterogeneous clinical syndrome, features a systemic inflammatory response to tissue injury or infection, followed by a state of reduced immune responsiveness. Measurable alterations occur in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Immunoparalysis, an immunosuppressed state, associates with worsened outcomes, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, secondary infections, and increased mortality. Multiple immune markers to identify sepsis immunoparalysis have been proposed, and some might offer clinical utility. Sepsis immunoparalysis is characterized by reduced lymphocyte numbers and downregulation of class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) on innate immune monocytes. Class II HLA proteins present peptide antigens for recognition by and activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. One monocyte class II protein, mHLA-DR, can be measured by flow cytometry. Downregulated mHLA-DR indicates reduced monocyte responsiveness, as measured by
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.