Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36823293›Full record

Observational studyInternational journal of obesity (2005)2023

Longitudinal metabolomics of increasing body-mass index and waist-hip ratio reveals two dynamic patterns of obesity pandemic.

Ville-Petteri Mäkinen, Johannes Kettunen, Terho Lehtimäki, Mika Kähönen, Jorma Viikari, Markus Perola, Veikko Salomaa, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Olli T Raitakari, Mika Ala-Korpela

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in International journal of obesity (2005), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Manifold fitting reveals metabolomic heterogeneity and disease associations in UK Biobank populations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ville-Petteri MäkinenSystems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. ville-petteri.makinen@oulu.fi.ORCID 0000-0002-7262-2656
Johannes KettunenSystems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-3345-491X
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-2555-4427
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Jorma ViikariDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Markus PerolaDepartment of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Veikko SalomaaDepartment of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-7563-5324
Marjo-Riitta JärvelinResearch Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-2149-0630
Olli T RaitakariResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Mika Ala-KorpelaSystems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. mika.ala-korpela@oulu.fi.ORCID 0000-0001-5905-1206

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectiveThis observational study dissects the complex temporal associations between body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and circulating metabolomics using a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional population-based datasets and new systems epidemiology tools. SUBJECTS/

methodsFirstly, a data-driven subgrouping algorithm was employed to simplify high-dimensional metabolic profiling data into a single categorical variable: a self-organizing map (SOM) was created from 174 metabolic measures from cross-sectional surveys (FINRISK, n = 9708, ages 25-74) and a birth cohort (NFBC1966, n = 3117, age 31 at baseline, age 46 at follow-up) and an expert committee defined four subgroups of individuals based on visual inspection of the SOM. Secondly, the subgroups were compared regarding BMI and WHR trajectories in an independent longitudinal dataset: participants of the Young Finns Study (YFS, n = 1286, ages 24-39 at baseline, 10 years follow-up, three visits) were categorized into the four subgroups and subgroup-specific age-dependent trajectories of BMI, WHR and metabolic measures were modelled by linear regression.

resultsThe four subgroups were characterised at age 39 by high BMI, WHR and dyslipidemia (designated TG-rich); low BMI, WHR and favourable lipids (TG-poor); low lipids in general (Low lipid) and high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (High LDL-C). Trajectory modelling of the YFS dataset revealed a dynamic BMI divergence pattern: despite overlapping starting points at age 24, the subgroups diverged in BMI, fasting insulin (three-fold difference at age 49 between TG-rich and TG-poor) and insulin-associated measures such as triglyceride-cholesterol ratio. Trajectories also revealed a WHR progression pattern: despite different starting points at the age of 24 in WHR, LDL-C and cholesterol-associated measures, all subgroups exhibited similar rates of change in these measures, i.e. WHR progression was uniform regardless of the cross-sectional metabolic profile.

conclusionsAge-associated weight variation in adults between 24 and 49 manifests as temporal divergence in BMI and uniform progression of WHR across metabolic health strata.

Indexed as

ObesityPandemicsAdultBody Mass IndexCholesterolCholesterol, LDLCross-Sectional StudiesHumansInsulinMetabolomicsMiddle AgedRisk FactorsWaist-Hip RatioYoung AdultCholesterolCholesterol, LDLInsulin

Identifiers

PMID36823293
PMCPMC10212764

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.