ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2023
Purinergic P2X7 receptor-mediated inflammation precedes PTSD-related behaviors in rats.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic stress and myeloid immunosuppression in cancer: A neuroimmune link to behavioral dysfunction.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Inflammaging-associated mitochondrial degeneration occurs in hypoglossal motor neurons prior to tongue muscle.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Scalp electroacupuncture targeting trigeminal nerve activation alleviates post-traumatic stress disorder-induced depression and neuroinflammation in mice.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Reprogramming microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: from pathological dysfunction to therapeutic restoration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- P2X7 receptor: a potential therapeutic target for chronic respiratory diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in post-traumatic stress disorder: mechanistic integration and translational prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- P2RX7 Dynamics in CNS Disorders: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Innovating transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: Zapping away the bad memory.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Establishment and behavioural characterization of a novel constitutive P2X7 receptor knockout mouse line.Purinergic signalling · 2025Article
- Role of acupuncture in improving the outcome of sepsis-induced lung injury.Histology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Proteomic insights into extinction memory deficits in stress-susceptible female rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Immune imbalance in the human hippocampus in PTSD revealed by single-nucleus transcriptomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Antagonism of the brain P2X7 ion channel attenuates repeated social defeat induced microglia reactivity, monocyte recruitment and anxiety-like behavior in male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- "NO" Time in Fear Response: Possible Implication of Nitric-Oxide-Related Mechanisms in PTSD.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Neurotransmission Basis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders by the Fear Conditioning Paradigm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Sex-dependent effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on molecular and behavioral changes induced by single prolonged stress.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- Sex-dependent effects of microglial reduction on impaired fear extinction induced by single prolonged stress.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical evidence has linked increased peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, whether inflammation contributes to or is a consequence of PTSD is still unclear. Previous research shows that stress can activate purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) on microglia to induce inflammation and behavioral changes. In this investigation, we examined whether P2X7Rs contribute to the development of PTSD-like behaviors induced by single prolonged stress (SPS) exposure in rats. Consistent with the literature, exposing adult male and female rats to SPS produced a PTSD-like phenotype of impaired fear extinction and extinction of cue-induced center avoidance one week after exposure. Next, we examined if inflammation precedes the behavioral manifestations. Three days after SPS exposure, increased inflammatory cytokines were found in the blood and hippocampal microglia showed increased expression of the P2X7R, IL-1β, and TNF-α, suggesting increased peripheral and central inflammation before the onset of impaired fear extinction. In addition, SPS-exposed animals with impaired fear extinction recall also had more Iba1-positive microglia expressing the P2X7R in the ventral hippocampus. To determine whether P2X7Rs contribute to the PTSD-related behaviors induced by SPS exposure, we gave ICV infusions of the P2X7R antagonist, A-438079, for one week starting the day of SPS exposure. Blocking P2X7Rs prevented the SPS-induced impaired fear extinction and extinction of cue-induced center avoidance in male and female rats, suggesting that SPS activates P2X7Rs which increase inflammation to produce a PTSD-like phenotype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.