ArticleParkinsonism & related disorders2023
Long-term levodopa ameliorates sequence effect in simple, but not complex walking in early Parkinson's disease patients.
Article in Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parkinsonism in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus or Hydrocephalic Presentation in Parkinson's Disease: A Report of Three Cases.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Systematic review of wearables assessing medication effect on motor function and symptoms in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Circular walking is useful for assessing the risk of falls in early progressive supranuclear palsy.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Why so slow? Models of parkinsonian bradykinesia.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Inter-joint coordination with and without dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe sequence effect (SE) is characterized by the progressive decrement of movements and is often observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. While acute effect of levodopa does not ameliorate the SE, the effect of long-term levodopa treatment for the SE remains unknown.
objectiveWe aimed to elucidate the SEs during various gait conditions and their response to long-term levodopa treatment in drug-naïve PD patients.
methodsNineteen drug-naïve PD patients and 21 healthy controls were enrolled. Gait parameters were measured via wearable inertial sensors in the following conditions:1) straight walking, 2) circular walking: walking a circle of 1 m diameter in a clock-wise direction for 3 laps, 3) straight or circular walking under cognitive-motor dual-task (serial 7s subtractions). PD patients were evaluated at baseline, within 1 h after intravenous administration of levodopa, and after one, three, and six months treatment with levodopa. The SE was measured by a linear regression slope by plotting consecutive stride lengths over steps. Patients were also separately analyzed depending on laterality of symptoms.
resultsLong-term levodopa treatment ameliorated the SE only during single-task straight walking. The SE during circular walking was exacerbated after long-term levodopa treatment for right-side dominant patients. During dual-task straight walking, the SE at baseline was greater in right-side dominant PD patients.
conclusionsThe SE only during single-task straight walking can be ameliorated by long-term levodopa treatment. However, the SE may be exaggerated by cognitive motor interference or by asymmetrical stride length with/without long-term levodopa treatment, depending on the laterality of symptoms.
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