ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
Cryptococcal Meningitis and Clinical Outcomes in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Global View.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 compartmentalization in the central nervous system during cryptococcal meningitis: Analysis of viral, fungal, and host factors.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Improving Access to Cryptococcal Meningitis Diagnostics and Treatment in Malawi.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of One-Year Mortality in HIV and Non-HIV Patients with Cryptococcal Infections in a Middle-Income Setting: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Brain structural and MRI phenotypes in intracranial cryptococcosis: a comparative study based on HIV status.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Admission D-Dimer for Early Risk Stratification of in-Hospital Mortality in Adults with Non-HIV Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Fungi under fire: diagnostic capacities and antifungal availability in Peruvian healthcare facilities.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Observational
- Non-linear association between CD4+ T-cell counts and mortality risk in people living with HIV: evidence from a 10-year cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Levels as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients With Cryptococcal Meningitis Who Are HIV Negative: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide shows limited efficacy in controlling cerebral cryptococcosisAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide shows limited efficacy in controlling cerebral cryptococcosisbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH). Little is known about CM outcomes and availability of diagnostic and treatment modalities globally.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we investigated CM incidence and all-cause mortality in PWH in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS cohort from 1996 to 2017. We estimated incidence using quasi-Poisson models adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, CD4 cell count (CD4), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status. Mortality after CM diagnosis was examined using multivariable Cox models. A site survey from 2017 assessed availability of CM diagnostic and treatment modalities.
resultsAmong 518 852 PWH, there were 3857 cases of CM with an estimated incidence of 1.54 per 1000 person-years. Mortality over a median of 2.6 years of post-CM diagnosis follow-up was 31.6%, with 29% lost to follow-up. In total, 2478 (64%) were diagnosed with CM after ART start with a median of 253 days from ART start to CM diagnosis. Older age (hazard [HR], 1.31 for 50 vs 35 years), lower CD4 (HR, 1.15 for 200 vs 350 cells/mm3), and earlier year of CM diagnosis (HR, 0.51 for 2015 vs 2000) were associated with higher mortality. Of 89 sites, 34% reported access to amphotericin B; 12% had access to flucytosine.
conclusionsMortality after CM diagnosis was high. A substantial portion of CM cases occurred after ART start, though incidence and mortality may be higher than reported due to ascertainment bias. Many sites lacked access to recommended CM treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.