ArticleCell reports2023
TGF-β in the microenvironment induces a physiologically occurring immune-suppressive senescent state.
Article in Cell reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Remodeling of innate antiviral immunity in aging.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Chromosomal instability in cancer: sources, consequences and new therapeutic opportunities.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Skin Aging: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic and Technological Innovations.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Context-dependent duality of senescent cells in liver fibrosis.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Host-Pathogen Interaction as a Driver of Cellular Senescence: Microbial Triggers and Host Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Fate Bifurcation of Cellular Senescence: Dynamic Regulation from Tumor Suppression to Recurrence Risk.Cells · 2026Review
- Transcriptional network analysis of PTEN-protein-deficient prostate tumors reveals robust stromal reprogramming and signs of senescent paracrine communication.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Pre-Encoded IFN-I Sensitivity Exacerbates Memory T Cell Senescence in Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dual Modulation of Senescence and Immune Checkpoints by Metformin and Dapagliflozin Attenuates Liver Fibrosis in a Thioacetamide-Induced Rat Model.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2026Article
- Precision targeting of the SASP in cancer therapy.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Of Barriers and Loops-How Evolution Limits Most Cancer Risks to Older Ages.Cancer discovery · 2026Review
- Bridging aging and colorectal cancer: synergistic roles of inflammaging and immunosenescence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Relationship Between CCN3 and Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Potential Therapeutic Value.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Cellular Senescence, Inflammaging and Cardiovascular Disease.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The double-edged sword of SASP in breast cancer: from tumor suppression to progression and therapy resistance.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The drug discovery and therapeutic nano-strategies targeting cellular senescence.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Multi-omics approach reveals TGF-β signaling-driven senescence in periodontium stem cells.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Escape from TGF-β-induced senescence promotes aggressive hallmarks in epithelial hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- The states of senescent cells.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- A High-Fat Diet Increases Kidney Fibrosis Through Regulating TGF-β and PDGF-β Signaling Pathways in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rat Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
TGF-β induces senescence in embryonic tissues. Whether TGF-β in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) induces senescence in cancer and how the ensuing senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) remodels the cellular TME to influence immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responses are unknown. We show that TGF-β induces a deeper senescent state under hypoxia than under normoxia; deep senescence correlates with the degree of E2F suppression and is marked by multinucleation, reduced reentry into proliferation, and a distinct 14-gene SASP. Suppressing TGF-β signaling in tumors in an immunocompetent mouse lung cancer model abrogates endogenous senescent cells and suppresses the 14-gene SASP and immune infiltration. Untreated human lung cancers with a high 14-gene SASP display immunosuppressive immune infiltration. In a lung cancer clinical trial of ICIs, elevated 14-gene SASP is associated with increased senescence, TGF-β and hypoxia signaling, and poor progression-free survival. Thus, TME-induced senescence may represent a naturally occurring state in cancer, contributing to an immune-suppressive phenotype associated with immune therapy resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.