ArticleJCI insight2023
Lenvatinib or anti-VEGF in combination with anti-PD-1 differentially augments antitumor activity in melanoma.
Article in JCI insight, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Surufatinib plus toripalimab for patients with advanced solid tumors and disease progression after prior immunotherapy: an open-label multi-cohort phase 2 trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Trial
- Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab in Combination With Bevacizumab for Untreated Melanoma Brain Metastases.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Article
- Development of [111In]In-CHX-A″-DTPA-αCD68 for ImmunoSPECT to Image Murine Macrophages.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- CD40 agonism in renal cell carcinoma enhances immune checkpoint activity through myeloid cells.iScience · 2026Article
- A Targetable Developmental Program Coregulates Angiogenesis and Immune Evasion in Melanoma.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Tumor Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy and Its Influence on Immune Cell Function in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-triggered dissolving microneedle platform for cGAS-STING-mediated precision immunotherapy of melanoma.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in Melanoma: A Dynamic Frontier in Cancer Treatment : Author List.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Tumor immune-vascular crosstalk: synergy and translation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents in melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in Cutaneous Melanoma Therapy: The Emerging Role of CDK4/6 Inhibitors.Pharmacological research · 2025Review
- Tumour-associated vasculature in T cell homing and immunity: opportunities for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Improving immunotherapy responses by dual inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and PD-1.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Turning cold tumors into hot tumors to ignite immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- A pan-cancer single-cell analysis reveals the effect of PD-1 blockades on tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the endothelial CXCL12-CXCR4 axis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Research progress of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Pembrolizumab and lenvatinib in the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma: A single institution experience.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Dual targeting of VEGFR2 and CSF1R with SYHA1813 confers novel strategy for treating both BRAF wild-type and mutant melanoma.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicle-hitchhiking nanoliposomes for cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype modulation impede metastasis progression.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated blood vessels to increase immune infiltration may enhance treatment effectiveness, yet limited data exist regarding anti-angiogenesis effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that dual targeting of angiogenesis with immune checkpoints would improve both intracranial and extracranial disease. We used subcutaneous and left ventricle melanoma models to evaluate anti-PD-1/anti-VEGF and anti-PD-1/lenvatinib (pan-VEGFR inhibitor) combinations. Cytokine/chemokine profiling and flow cytometry were performed to assess signaling and immune-infiltrating populations. An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model was utilized to study intracranial treatment effects on endothelial integrity and leukocyte transmigration. Anti-PD-1 with either anti-VEGF or lenvatinib improved survival and decreased tumor growth in systemic melanoma murine models; treatment increased Th1 cytokine/chemokine signaling. Lenvatinib decreased tumor-associated macrophages but increased plasmacytoid DCs early in treatment; this effect was not evident with anti-VEGF. Both lenvatinib and anti-VEGF resulted in decreased intratumoral blood vessels. Although anti-VEGF promoted endothelial stabilization in an in vitro BBB model, while lenvatinib did not, both regimens enabled leukocyte transmigration. The combined targeting of PD-1 and VEGF or its receptors promotes enhanced melanoma antitumor activity, yet their effects on the TME are quite different. These studies provide insights into dual anti-PD-1 and anti-angiogenesis combinations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.