Observational studyAnnals of medicine2023
Anterior segment inflammation and its association with dry eye parameters following myopic SMILE and FS-LASIK.
Observational study in Annals of medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tear Film Changes Following Anterior Segment Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Recovery Time Course.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessment of collum angle and alveolar bone plate thickness relative to tooth inclination in central incisors using CBCT: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Effects of different side-cut angles on ocular surface recovery after FS-LASIK.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Identification of a blink frequency threshold for maintaining tear film stability in young adults with dry eye symptoms.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dry eye after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK): a comparative clinical study.International ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine A on tear inflammatory cytokines and goblet cell function after corneal refractive surgery.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Based on TransRes-Pix2Pix network to generate the OBL image during SMILE surgery.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Development of risk prediction model for small incision lenticule extraction.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops at different frequencies in the treatment of dry eye after FS-LASIK.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Assessment of the systemic immune-inflammation index in type 2 diabetic patients with and without dry eye disease: A case-control study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Moisture chamber goggles for the treatment of postoperative dry eye in patients receiving SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The effect of incomplete blinking rate on corneal epithelial remodeling after trans-PRK surgery: a six-month study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate dry eye and anterior segment inflammation after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted
methodsThis prospective and observational study included 96 eyes from 48 myopic patients. The evaluation was performed at baseline, postoperative day 1, week 1, month 1 and month 3. Outcome measures included anterior chamber flare, bulbar redness (BR), limbal redness (LR), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear meniscus height (TMH), the first and average noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT-1, NIBUT-a), fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer I. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were applied to explore the correlation between flare and ocular surface parameters.
resultsFlare increased significantly in both groups at day 1 and week 1 and then returned to baseline at month 1. In both groups, BR decreased on day 1 and then gradually increased towards the baseline. In FS-LASIK, LR was lower than baseline at day 1 and month 3. An increase in OSDI was found in the SMILE group on day 1, and in the FS-LASIK group at day 1 to month 1. NIBUT-1 and NIBUT-a decreased significantly on day 1 in both groups. At month 3, NIBUT-a did not return to baseline in FS-LASIK. CFS increased significantly at week 1 in both groups. All parameters were comparable between SMILE and FS-LASIK except for OSDI and NIBUT-a. Time and spherical equivalent showed a correlation with flare.
conclusionsBoth SMILE and FS-LASIK induced elevated anterior chamber flare and dry eye. However, flare might not be considered a factor determining perioperative dry eye.Key MessagesDry eye disease is common after corneal refractive surgery. Signs and symptoms of dry eye disease persist longer after FS-LASIK compared with SMILE.Both FS-LASIK and SMILE transiently disrupted blood-aqueous barrier integrity, leading to anterior segment inflammation.Anterior chamber flare might not be considered a factor explaining perioperative dry eye, other biomarkers remain for future exploration.
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