ArticleHeliyon2023
Development and validation of Chinese form Short Dark Tetrad (C-SD4).
Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometric validation of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4): an item-level re-examination with measurement invariance.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Short Dark Tetrad - Polish version (SD4-PL): adaptation and extended psychometric evaluation of a measure of subclinical psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) was developed as a brief measure of the Dark Tetrad, which comprises narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism. Previous research suggests the possibility of cultural differences in these traits in Western and Eastern cultures. We developed and validated the Chinese form of SD4 (C-SD4) cross four studies in a large sample (total N = 3181) to assist in solving problems caused by these differences. In study 1, we adjusted the item pool on the basis of the original form of SD4. In Study 2, we trimmed the scale to generate a 28-item version of C-SD4 and examined correlations with Big-5. In study 3, we examined the internal structure, measurement invariance, and criterion validity of the C-SD4. In study 4 we examined C-SD4 test-retest reliability and compared item content to standard measures. This package of studies suggests that the C-SD4 is a reliable and valid measure of the Dark Tetrad in Chinese participants.
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Registered trials
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