Tonal properties in a non-tonal language: The case of Indonesian.

I Nyoman Udayana, I Nyoman Aryawibawa, I Nyoman Sedeng, Joan A Sereno

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 45% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

Examining Speech Perception-Production Relationships Through Tone Perception and Production Learning Among Indonesian Learners of Mandarin.Brain sciences · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

I Nyoman UdayanaFaculty of Humanities, Udayana University, Indonesia.

I Nyoman AryawibawaFaculty of Humanities, Udayana University, Indonesia.

I Nyoman SedengFaculty of Humanities, Udayana University, Indonesia.

Joan A SerenoCollege of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kansas University, USA.

Udayana University · IDUniversity of Kansas · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the tonal properties of Indonesian, specifically examining intonation contours in Indonesian at the sentence level and focusing on how the tonal system is used to indicate different pragmatic meanings in Indonesian. Four distinct intonation contours with four distinct meanings were contrasted: strong agreement to the truth of the relevant word (emphasizing) (H), interrogative meaning (LH), doubting the fact of the word in question (L), and a neutral conceptual meaning of the relevant word (HL). The stimuli for the study were four Indonesian words (two verbs

Indexed as

Interrogative contourIntonational expressionPragmatic meaningTonal properties

Identifiers

PMID36820034

DOI10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13440

PMCPMC9937940

OpenAlexW4318954847

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.