ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2023
Cross-sectional multimedia audit reveals a multinational commercial milk formula industry circumventing the Philippine Milk Code with misinformation, manipulation, and cross-promotion campaigns.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Determinants of early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: a qualitative meta-synthesis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Digital Marketing Claims and Their Association With the Perceptions of Parents of Children Under 2 Years Old of Commercial Milk Formulas in Mexico.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Evidence-Based Lessons from Policy Implementation Research in Two Countries Achieving Progress on Global Breastfeeding Targets: Recommendations from the Philippines and Viet Nam.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Plastic pollution: how can the global health community fight the growing problem?BMJ global health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
The Philippine Milk Code was enacted in 1986 to protect breastfeeding and reduce inappropriate marketing of breastmilk substitutes (BMS). The Philippine Milk Code is categorized as "substantially aligned" with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes ("the Code"), but its provisions are assessed as relatively weak in prohibiting promotion to the general public. The extent to which violations of the Philippine Milk Code persist in traditional media platforms and in the digital space has not been systematically explored. This study employed a cross-sectional multimedia audit to examine the marketing and promotion of products under the scope of the Code, as well as those regulated by the Philippine Milk Code. Through a media monitoring conducted from March to September 2018, a total of 430 unique television (
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