ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Long-term high-dose immunoglobulin successfully treats Long COVID patients with pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiologic symptoms.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Pathogenic IgG from long COVID patients with neurological sequelae triggers sensitive but not cognitive impairments upon transfer into mice.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of long COVID.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Molecular mimicry revisited: novel perspectives on autoimmune disease initiation and progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Autoantibody-mediated pain in long COVID: evidence from multiple lines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Candidate treatments for long COVID: a narrative review of expert and patient-driven priorities.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The Post-COVID syndrome caused by excessive inflammation: pathogenesis, potential targets and therapeutic agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- COVID-19-associated Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and the Role of IVIG Therapy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- A multiomics recovery factor predicts long COVID in the IMPACC study.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Non-Viral Therapy in COVID-19: Where Are We Standing? How Our Experience with COVID May Help Us Develop Cell Therapies for Long COVID Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Role of nutrient supplements in children with post-COVID condition: a retrospective preliminary observation and narrative review.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Analysis of 977 Long COVID Patients Reveals Prevalent Neuropathy and Association with Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin modulates coagulation- and complement-related pathways in COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Beyond Antivirals: Alternative Therapies for Long COVID.Viruses · 2024Review
- Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Neutralizing activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune immunoglobulins and intravenous immunoglobulins against currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Fascia as a regulatory system in health and disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Dysautonomia following Lyme disease: a key component of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome?Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Long COVID is the overarching name for a wide variety of disorders that may follow the diagnosis of acute SARS-COVID-19 infection and persist for weeks to many months. Nearly every organ system may be affected. Methods: We report nine patients suffering with Long COVID for 101 to 547 days. All exhibited significant perturbations of their immune systems, but only one was known to be immunodeficient prior to the studies directed at evaluating them for possible treatment. Neurological and cardiac symptoms were most common. Based on this data and other evidence suggesting autoimmune reactivity, we planned to treat them for 3 months with long-term high-dose immunoglobulin therapy. If there was evidence of benefit at 3 months, the regimen was continued. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 34 to 79 years-with five male and four female patients, respectively. All nine patients exhibited significant immune perturbations prior to treatment. One patient declined this treatment, and insurance support was not approved for two others. The other six have been treated, and all have had a significant to remarkable clinical benefit. Conclusion: Long-term high-dose immunoglobulin therapy is an effective therapeutic option for treating patients with Long COVID.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.